Table 3.
Impoverishing effect of out-of-pocket payments based on pre and post payments on health care
| Depression and high disability | Depression and low disability | Comparison without depression | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty head count | |||
| Pre-payment head count A | 12.6% | 12.3% | 10.8% |
| Post payment head count B | 18.4% | 15.8% | 13.1% |
| Absolute percentage point change (impact) C(=B-A) | 5.8% † | 3.5% | 2.3% |
| Relative percentage change (=C/A*100) | 46.0% † | 28.4% | 21.2% |
| Poverty gaps | |||
| Prepayment poverty gap A$ | 8.7 | 5.3 | 6.8 |
| Post payment poverty gap B$ | 9.9 | 5.6 | 6.9 |
| Absolute point change (impact)C(=B-A) $ | 1.2 † | 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Relative percentage change(=C/A*100) | 13.7% † | 5.6% | 1.5% |
| Normalized poverty gaps | |||
| Pre-payment normalized gap A | 4.7% | 2.9% | 3.7% |
| Post-payment normalized gap B | 5.4% | 3.0% | 3.8% |
| Absolute percentage point change (impact) C(=B-A) | 0.7% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Relative percentage change(=C/A*100) | 14.8% † | 3.4% | 2.7% |
$ (USD), USD1 = Birr 20.69 (2015);
Bold, significant at P < 0.05 for Pearson’s χ2; † for Kruskal-Wallis comparing pre and post payment by depression sub-groups