Table 4.
Chronological description of human cases worldwide
| Acute infections (n = 49) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Year | Number | Sample | Clinic | Studied population | Diagnostic method | ref |
| CAR | 1981 | 1 | Blood | Eruptive fever | Clinical case | Culture | [22] |
| Burkina | 2004 | 1 | Blood | Fever and jaundice | Clinical case | Culture | [22] |
| Italy | 2009 | 1 | CSF | Meningoencephalitis | Clinical case | Panflavi RT-PCR + sequence | [92] |
| 2009 | 1 | Blood | Encephalitis | Clinical case | Procleix-WNV + panflavi RT-PCR + sequence | [93] | |
| 2008–9 | 3/44 | CSF | Meningoencephalitis | Meningoencephalitis patients | Specific RT-PCR | [94] | |
| 2008–11 | 8/306 + 2/609 | CSF + blood | Meningoencephalitis /healthy | Meningoencephalitis patients (CSF) + various healthy and sick subjects (serum) | Specific RT-PCR + seroneutralisation | [95] | |
| Croatia | 2013 | 3/95 | Blood | Meningoencephalitis | Meningoencephalitis patients | ELISA + seroneutralisation | [96] |
| 2018 | 3/178 | Blood + Urine | Neuroinvasive disease | Neuroinvasive cohort | Specific RT-PCR + seroneutralisation | [97] | |
| Germany | 2016 | 1 | Blood | Healthy | Blood donors (n ?) | Cobas WNV + sequence | [99] |
| France | 2016 | 1/666 | CSF | Idiopathic facial paralysis | Patients with infectious and/or neurological signs | RT-PCR panflavi + sequence | [98] |
| Austria | 2017 | 6/12 047 | Blood | Healthy | Blood donors | Cobas WNV + sequence | [100] |
| 2018 | 18/31 598 | Blood | Healthy | Blood donors | Cobas WNV + specific RT-PCR + sequence | [102] | |
CAR, Central African Republic.