Table 2.

Performance of different network setups in experiment 1.

Network setup	Overall accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPVa	NPVb	PLRc	Kappa
CNNd-7	79.62 (%)	0.144	0.896	0.169	0.872	1.39	0.04
CNN-5	79.25 (%)	0.153	0.891	0.183	0.872	1.4	0.05
ANNe	79.17 (%)	0.192	0.884	0.205	0.877	1.65	0.08
ANN+2 portion	80.37 (%)	0.326	0.861	0.266	0.893	2.35	0.17
ANN+2 portion + oversample	75.93 (%)	0.409	0.801	0.242	0.898	2.06	0.16
ANN+2 portion + oversample (HbOf only)	77.19 (%)	0.379	0.819	0.245	0.895	2.10	0.16
RNNg+2 portion + oversample	76.31 (%)	0.332	0.815	0.211	0.888	1.80	0.11
LSTMh+2 portion + oversample	77.29 (%)	0.319	0.828	0.220	0.887	1.86	0.12

^aPPV: positive predictive value.

^bNPV: negative predictive value.

^cPLR: positive likelihood ratio.

^dCNN: convolutional neural network.

^eANN: artificial neural network.

^fHbO: oxygenated hemoglobin.

^gRNN: recurrent neural network.

^hLSTM: long short-term memory.