Table 3.
Physical, chemical, and biological properties of some Sr-doped or Sr-BGs containing materials described in section Bone cements.
| Material type and composition | Physical properties* | Mechanical properties* | In vitro / In vivo properties | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sr-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) | Final setting time: 15–18 min Setting temperature: max. 58°C |
Compressive strength: ~41 MPa Bending strength: ~31 MPa Elasticity modulus: ~1.5 GPa |
Improving the osteoblast adhesion and mineralization in vitro and bone growth and osseointegration in vivo | Cheung et al., 2005; Ni et al., 2006 |
| Sr-doped calcium phosphate-based cement (CPC) | Initial and final setting of 8–10 min and ~15 min, respectively | Compressive strength: ~12 MPa | Promoting cell proliferation and ALP activity of MG-63 cells cultured on the cement doped with Sr | Kuang et al., 2012 |
| Series of ionomer cements containing SiO2-ZnO–CaO–SrO based BGs | Working and setting time still have to be adjusted | Compressive strength: 39–75 MPa Flexural strength: 34–62 MPa |
Have to be evaluated after optimizing physical and mechanical properties | Boyd et al., 2008; Wren et al., 2008, 2010, 2013; Clarkin et al., 2009 |
| CPC containing 42SiO2-4P2O5-(39-x)CaO−15Na2O–xSrO (in mol%, x = 1.95, 3.90, 9.75, 19.5, 29.25, 39) | Final setting time: 20-40 min | Max. ompressive strength: 12.5 MPa | Forming in vitro Sr-doped HA | D'Onofrio et al., 2016 |
| Chitosan-based cement containing 5.5Na2O−7.34K2O−7.34MgO−20.18CaO−49.54B2O3−1.83P2O5−8.27SrO in mol% borate BGs | Initial setting time: 12 min | Max. compressive strength of 19 MPa | Enhancing the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro New bone in rat tibia after 8 weeks |
Zhang et al., 2015 |
| PMMA-based cement containing 6Na2O−8K2O−8MgO−16CaO−6SrO−27B2O3−27SiO2−2P2O5 (mol%) in mol% borosilicate BGs | Final setting time: 8–12 min | Max. compressive strength of 78–88 MPa Flexural strength: 50–60 MPa Elasticity modulus: ~2.5–2.7 GPa |
Promoting the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and collagen secretion of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro New bone formation in rat tibia after 8–12 weeks |
Cui et al., 2017 |
| PMMA-based cement (Spineple®) containing 40SiO2-30Na2O−20SrO−10 CaO in mol% BGs | Setting time: 16–18 min Setting temperature: 50–75°C |
Max. compressive strength of 75–100 MPa Elasticity modulus: ~2.5–2.7 GPa |
– | O'Brien et al., 2010 |
| PMMA-based cement (Spineple®) containing SiO2-CaO–P2O5-SrO gel-derived BGs | Setting time: 16–20 min Setting temperature: ~34–45°C |
Max. compressive strength: ~100 MPa Elasticity modulus: ~1.5–2.5 GPa |
– | Goñi et al., 2018 |
*
Minimum requirement set by ISO 5833 for polymeric cements:
Max. peak temperature:: 908°C.
Setting times for operation in a surgical room 6–15 min.
Compressive strength > 70 MPa.
Flexural strength > 50 MPa.
Elasticity modulus > 1.8 GPa.