Effects of TGF-β1 in culture medium on the changes of extracellular matrix components. Cardiac fibroblasts were treated with HG (40 mM) in the presence or absence of TGF-β1 (5, 10, 20 ng/ml) for 48 h at 37°C. (A) After different treatments, the protein expression of Col-I, Col-III, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was evaluated by western blot analysis. (B) The changes in the mRNA levels of Col-I, Col-III, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured by RT-qPCR, and the mRNA levels were normalized to β-actin, which was used as the housekeeping gene. (C) The cell supernatants were collected for the determination of Col-I, Col-III, MMP2 and MMP9 expression using ELISA. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. the Control; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 vs. HG (n≥8). Col, collagen; SMA, smooth muscle actin; MMP, matrix metallopeptidase; TGF, transforming growth factor; HG, high glucose.