Table 1. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of CzPhTrz and CzpPhTrz.

	λ abs a , [nm]	λ PL a , [nm]	Φ PL b , [%]	λ PL c , [nm]	Φ PL c , [%]	τ p c , [ns]	τ d c , [μs]	HOMO d , e , [eV]	LUMO d , e , [eV]	ΔEredox f , [eV]	S 1/T1 g , [eV]	ΔEST g , [eV]
CzPhTrz	363	446	60 (58)	448	50	4.8	—	–6.11	–3.26	2.86	3.14/2.82	0.32
CzpPhTrz	375	470	70 (55)	482	69	7	65	–5.80	–3.23	2.58	2.89/2.73	0.16

^aIn PhMe at 298 K.

^bQuinine sulfate (0.5 m) in H₂SO₄ (aq) was used as the reference (Φ_PL: 54.6%, λ_exc = 360 nm).15 Values quoted are in degassed solutions, which were prepared by three freeze-pump-thaw cycles. Values in parentheses are for aerated solutions, which were prepared by bubbling air for 10 min.

^cThin films were prepared by vacuum depositing 10 wt% doped samples in DPEPO and values were determined using an integrating sphere (λ_exc = 360 nm); degassing was done by N₂ purge for 10 minutes.

^dIn DCM with 0.1 m [nBu₄N]PF₆ as the supporting electrolyte and Fc/Fc⁺ as the internal reference (0.46 V vs. SCE).16

^eThe HOMO and LUMO energies were determined using E_HOMO/LUMO = –(Eoxpa,1/Eredpc,1 + 4.8) eV (ref. 17) where Eoxpa and Eredpc are anodic and cathodic peak potentials, respectively.

^fΔE_redox = |E_HOMO – E_LUMO|.

^gDetermined from the onset of prompt and delayed spectra of 10 wt% doped films in DPEPO, measured at 77 K (λ_exc = 355 nm).