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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2019 Apr 30;39(3):297–307. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2019.03.001

Figure 1. Pathogens associated with asthma development and exacerbation.

Figure 1.

Early life infections play a role in the development of asthma and disease exacerbation. This figure lists the pathogens that have been associated with asthma development (upper left) and asthma exacerbations (bottom left). H. pylori has been shown to be protective of asthma development (upper right). Abbreviations are explained in the box; viruses are shown in hexagrams, while bacteria are in ovals. See text for more details.