Table 2.
Associations of Multimorbidity Patterns With Mortality of 4 Years Among Each Frailty State (Robust, Pre-frail, and Frail)
| Total, n | Death, n | IR, per 1,000 PYs | HR (95% CI)† | IRD (95% CI)†, per 1,000 PYs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robust | 2,213 | 147 | 20.5 | ||
| Minimal disease | 917 | 46 | 15.7 | Reference | Reference |
| CVD | 610 | 55 | 28.1 | 1.59 (1.08, 2.36) | 8.8 (1.1, 16.5) |
| Osteoarticular | 576 | 33 | 17.2 | 1.00 (0.63, 1.57) | 1.7 (−3.5, 6.8) |
| Neuropsychiatric | 52 | 10 | 56.3 | 2.11 (1.05, 4.21) | 24.1 (−11.2, 59.3) |
| High multisystem morbidity | 58 | 3 | 16.4 | 1.04 (0.32, 3.36) | 2.6 (−15.9, 21.1) |
| Pre-frail | 3,647 | 561 | 48.7 | ||
| Minimal disease | 769 | 96 | 40.4 | Reference | Reference |
| CVD | 1,147 | 180 | 49.3 | 1.27 (0.99, 1.62) | 8.9 (1.6, 16.2) |
| Osteoarticular | 1,099 | 150 | 42.5 | 1.09 (0.84, 1.41) | 2.1 (−4.3, 8.5) |
| Neuropsychiatric | 285 | 72 | 85.3 | 1.74 (1.28, 2.37) | 27.1 (7.6, 46.7) |
| High multisystem morbidity | 347 | 63 | 56.2 | 1.52 (1.10, 2.10) | 17.0 (4.2, 29.7) |
| Frail | 1,337 | 504 | 136.0 | ||
| Minimal disease | 94 | 26 | 96.4 | Reference | Reference |
| CVD | 330 | 106 | 114.5 | 1.12 (0.73, 1.72) | 32.0 (−2.4, 66.3) |
| Osteoarticular | 293 | 83 | 98.6 | 0.93 (0.60, 1.45) | 10.9 (−22.2, 44.1) |
| Neuropsychiatric | 304 | 169 | 218.1 | 2.05 (1.36, 3.10) | 108.4 (65.0, 151.9) |
| High multisystem morbidity | 316 | 120 | 134.2 | 1.47 (0.96, 2.25) | 51.7 (16.0, 87.3) |
Note: CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = hazard ratio; IR = incidence rate; IRD = incidence rate difference; PYs = person-years.
†Adjusted for age and sex.