Figure 1.

Enalapril treatment delayed frailty in mice. (A, B) Mean ± SEM frailty index (FI) scores for enalapril-treated and control mice. Middle-aged female mice (A, n = 13–17) and middle-aged male mice (B, n = 14–15) were treated for 4 months. (C, D) Older female mice (C, n = 4–16) were treated for 5 months, and older male mice (D, n = 10–25) were treated for 9 months. Linear mixed model analysis was used to assess the effect of age and drug on FI score and enalapril dose. For FI scores, age and drug were both significant factors for middle-aged females, older females and older males. For middle-aged males only, age was significant. For enalapril dose, age was significant for middle-aged mice, and both age and sex were significant for older mice. *p < .05 compared with enalapril-treated group at the same time point.