Figure 4.

Deletion of gpdh genes increases sensitivity to osmotic stress but increases lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in daf-2 worms. Deletion of both gpdh genes mildly increase daf-2 worms’ sensitivity to heat stress (A) and oxidative stress (B) but did not affect bacterial pathogen stress sensitivity (C). Although daf-2 worms’ survival under osmotic stress was not affected (D), daf-2;gpdh-1;gpdh-2 showed markedly decreased turgidity under osmotic stress (E). daf-2 survival under anoxic stress was not affected by loss of the gpdh genes (F). Although resistance to specific stresses was decreased by the loss of the gpdh genes, lifespan was markedly increased (G). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. ***p < .001. p Values indicate difference between daf-2 and daf-2;gpdh-1;gpdh-2 worms.