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. 2018 Sep 26;74(8):1282–1288. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly224

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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2018.

This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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Figure 3. — Hazard ratio of frailty index (FI) upon time-to-death when comparing mean FI of patients on metformin plus insulin versus the mean FI of patients on metformin plus sulfonylurea. Three analytic strategies were undertaken to control for confounding: (a) unadjusted for any confounding variables, (b) direct covariate adjustment for Step 3 variables (except for antidiabetic medication regimen) reduced to the first five principal components, and (c) the same direct adjustment using first five principal components on a propensity score weighted cohort.