Table 5.
Risk of falling by CKD status and clinical gait phenotype
| Outcome | Age Adjustedb | Multivariable Modelc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Eventsa | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Any fall | |||
| Full cohort (n=294) | |||
| No CKD, no gait phenotype (n=95) | 46 | Ref | Ref |
| No CKD, +gait phenotype (n=76) | 35 | 0.93 (0.59 to 1.47) | 0.97 (0.61 to 1.55) |
| CKD, no gait phenotype (n=40) | 18 | 0.79 (0.45 to 1.36) | 0.71 (0.40 to 1.25) |
| CKD, +gait phenotype (n=83) | 55 | 1.63 (1.04 to 2.53) | 1.72 (1.06 to 2.81) |
| Excluding diabetes and neuropathy (n=222) | |||
| No CKD, no gait phenotype (n=71) | 32 | Ref | Ref |
| No CKD, +gait phenotype (n=60) | 27 | 0.97 (0.57 to 1.65) | 0.97 (0.56 to 1.69) |
| CKD, no gait phenotype (n=27) | 12 | 0.88 (0.45 to 1.72) | 0.84 (0.42 to 1.68) |
| CKD, +gait phenotype (n=64) | 44 | 1.77 (1.05 to 3.00) | 1.84 (1.03 to 3.30) |
| Restricted to 0 or 1 comorbidity (n=135) | |||
| No CKD, no gait phenotype (n=44) | 21 | Ref | Ref |
| No CKD, +gait phenotype (n=41) | 14 | 0.68 (0.34 to 1.37) | 0.68 (0.32 to 1.46) |
| CKD, no gait phenotype (n=20) | 9 | 0.93 (0.43 to 2.04) | 1.06 (0.46 to 2.43) |
| CKD, +gait phenotype (n=30) | 21 | 2.08 (1.01 to 4.29) | 2.37 (1.01 to 5.56) |
| Restricted to participants without a neurologic gait phenotype (n=203) | |||
| No CKD, no gait phenotype (n=88) | 43 | Ref | Ref |
| No CKD, + gait phenotype (n=38) | 18 | 0.99 (0.57 to 1.72) | 0.91 (0.51 to 1.63) |
| CKD, no gait phenotype (n=36) | 18 | 0.86 (0.49 to 1.48) | 0.79 (0.44 to 1.43) |
| CKD, + gait phenotype (n=41) | 27 | 1.76 (1.09 to 2.86) | 1.85 (0.99 to 3.44) |
| Injurious falls | |||
| Full cohort (n=294) | |||
| No CKD, no gait phenotype (n=95) | 12 | Ref | Ref |
| No CKD, +gait phenotype (n=76) | 9 | 1.07 (0.44 to 2.58) | 1.39 (0.54 to 3.58) |
| CKD, no gait phenotype (n=40) | 6 | 1.16 (0.43 to 3.13) | 0.99 (0.35 to 2.82) |
| CKD, +gait phenotype (n=83) | 20 | 2.61 (1.16 to 5.89) | 2.72 (1.09 to 6.79) |
HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; Ref, reference value; +, positive for gait phenotype; IQR, interquartile range.
Full cohort (n=294). Any fall: 154 falls (52.4%), median follow-up time 22.9 months (IQR, 10.6–35.6); injurious falls: 47 falls (16.0%), median follow-up time 34.8 months (IQR, 24.1–39.2).
CKD defined as eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Gait phenotype defined as the presence of short steps or marked sway or loss of balance with straight or tandem walking. P value for interaction of CKD status and gait phenotype =0.01.
Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, neuropathy, medication count, number of comorbidities, history of falling, gait speed, and stratified by educational status.