Table 4.
Aptasensors and dsDNA-Based Biosensors
| cyanotoxin | recognition element | electrode | novelty/biosensor improvement | electroch. technique | working range (ng/mL) | LOD (pg/mL) | water samples | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MC-LR | aptamer | Gold | choice recognition element | EIS | 0.05–100 | 18 | LW, RW, TW | (64) |
| MC-LR | aptamer | Graphene - SPE | choice recognition element, Graphene-SPE | SWV | 0.0001–1 | 1.9 | Fish Samples | (69) |
| MC-LR | aptamer | GCE modified | SDD-Co(II) Ag NPs | CV | 0.1–1.1 | 40 | DI, TW, WW | (179) |
| MC-LR | Calf thymus dsDNA | Gold | choice recognition element | DPV, EIS | 0.004–0.512 | 1.4 | TW | (186) |
| MCs | aptamers | Gold | different MC variants | SWV | 0.01–10 | 10 | DI | (144) |
| CYN | ssDNA Aptamer | GCE | TH–Graphene | EIS | 0.39 to 78 | 117 | LW | (180) |
| CYN | ssDNA aptamer | Gold | choice recognition element | EIS | 0.042–124.6 | 39 | TW | (148) |
| SXT | aptamer | Gold | MB-COOH-MWCNTs-SAM | DPV | 0.27–9.0 | 113.7 | Spiked Mussel | (181) |
| ATX | aptamer | Gold | choice recognition element | EIS | 0.17–17 | 82.6 | Spiked Drinking Water | (150) |