Table 2,
Lifestyle Interventional Effect: Meta-Analyses Results
| FPG (mmol/L) | HbA1c (%) | % Change in Fasting Insulin | % Change in HOMA-IR | Weight Loss (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies (sample size) |
pooled effect mean (Effect size) (95%CI) |
Hetero- geneity p value |
Studies (sample size) |
pooled effect mean (Effect size) (95%CI) |
Hetero- geneity p value |
Studies (sample size) |
pooled effect mean (Effect size) (95%CI) |
Hetero- geneity p value |
Studies (sample size) |
pooled effect mean (Effect size) (95%CI) |
Hetero- geneity p value |
Studies (sample size) |
pooled effect mean (Effect size) (95%CI) |
Hetero- geneity p value |
|
| LI vs UC (all studiesa) | 52 (8919) | −0.14 (0.07) (−0.18, −0.09) | <0.01 | 9 (2617) | −0.05 (0.06) (−0.08, −0.03) | 0.54 | 33 (5308) | −15.18 (0.08) (−20.01, −10.35) | <0.01 | 19 (2846) | −22.66 (0.13) (−29.19, −16.14) | <0.01 | 45 (8167) | −4.00 (0.12) (−4.73, −3.26) | <0.01 |
| LI vs UC (all studiesb) | 59 (9446) | −0.12 (0.05) (−0.17, −0.08) | <0.01 | 10 (2709) | −0.05 (0.06) (−0.08, −0.02) | 0.57 | 37 (5501) | −14.38 (0.08) (−19.04, −9.72) | <0.01 | NA | 53 (8786) | −3.80 (0.12) (−4.47, −3.13) | <0.01 | ||
| LI vs UC (Group 1c) | 23 (4263) | −0.08 (0.08) (−0.11, −0.04) | 0.05 | 2 (246) | −0.07 (0.12) (−0.14, −0.01) | 0.29 | 12 (1551) | −11.69 (0.11) (−16.99, −6.38) | 0.04 | 5 (837) | −13.11 (0.08) (−24.60, −1.61) | <0.01 | 18 (3165) | −3.71 (0.11) (−4.86, −2.56) | <0.01 |
| LI vs UC (Group 2d) | 29 (4656) | −0.19 (0.08) (−0.26, −0.12) | <0.01 | 7 (2371) | −0.05 (0.04) (−0.08, −0.02) | 0.52 | 21 (3747) | −16.56 (0.08) (−23.14, −9.98) | <0.01 | 14 (2009) | −28.05 (0.17) (−35.43, −20.67) | <0.01 | 27 (5002) | −4.19 (0.12) (−5.19, −3.18) | <0.01 |
| LI vs UC (F/U=12 mo) | 43 (7221) | −0.10 (0.06) (−0.14, −0.07) | <0.01 | 5 (2306) | −0.05 (0.07) (−0.08, −0.02) | 0.41 | 25 (4521) | −15.45 (0.08) (−21.22, −9.69) | <0.01 | 15 (2147) | −24.39 (0.09) (−36.10, −12.69) | <0.01 | 37 (6627) | −3.66 (0.10) (−4.53, −2.80) | <0.01 |
| LI vs UC (13–23 mo) | 8 (1560) | −0.15 (0.12) (−0.21, −0.09) | 0.91 | 1 (158) | −0.10 (0.19) (−0.18, −0.02) | NA | 4 (496) | −11.04 (0.09) (−22.33, 0.25) | 0.24 | 1 (158) | −14.63 (0.13) (−32.44, 3.18) | NA | 6 (1289) | −3.28 (0.16) (−4.39, −2.17) | 0.09 |
| LI vs UC (≥24 mo) | 15 (3423) | −0.12 (0.04) (−0.23, −0.001) | <0.01 | 4 (1242) | −0.03 (0.03) (−0.08, 0.01) | 0.78 | 15 (3426) | −11.30 (0.05) (−18.68, −3.91) | <0.01 | 7 (1567) | −20.07 (0.13) (−27.73, −12.40) | <0.01 | 15 (3424) | −3.58 (0.09) (−4.98, −2.19) | <0.01 |
| PA vs UC | 14 (1813) | −0.07 (0.08) (−0.11, −0.03) | 0.74 | 3 (1227) | −0.04 (0.06) (−0.08, 0.01) | 0.94 | 9 (1555) | −7.61 (0,05) (−15.52, 0.30) | 0.06 | 5 (233) | −7.25 (0.08) (−19.02, 4.51) | 1.00 | 12 (1663) | −1.55 (0.08) (−2.53, −0.57) | 0.38 |
| D vs UC | 7 (499) | −0.17 (0.15) (−0.27, −0.08) | 0.46 | 1 (50) | 0.00 (0.00) (−0.23, 0.23) | NA | 5 (321) | −13.73 (0.10) (−28.64, 1.18) | 0.06 | 2 (282) | −24.24 (0.22) (−37.21, −11.27) | 0.94 | 6 (433) | −6.21 (0.24) (−8.63, −3.19) | <0.01 |
| PA+D vs UC | 31 (6607) | −0.15 (0.06) (−0.21, −0.09) | <0.01 | 5 (1340) | −0.07 (0.09) (−0.11, −0.02) | 0.21 | 19 (3432) | −18.25 (0.10) (−24.18, −12.32) | <0.01 | 12 (2431) | −24.69 (0.13) (−32.15, −17.23) | <0.01 | 27 (6071) | −4.15 (0.12) (−5.02, −3.27) | <0.01 |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; D: diet; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LI: lifestyle intervention; mo: month; PA: physical activity; UC: usual care; vs: versus
a
All studies with attrition <30%
b
All studies with attrition <30% plus studies with attrition ≥30%
c
All studies with attrition <30% and participants with FPG<5.5 mmol/L or HbA1c <5.5%
d
All studies with attrition <30% and participants with FPG≥5.5 mmol/L or HbA1c≥5.5%