Table 4.
Unstandardized path coefficients relating the covariates and recession variables to the latent outcome variables (combined sample, weighted)
| Path Coefficients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Weighted percentage or mean |
Job insecurity |
Employment insecurity |
Physical health |
Mental health |
Organizational commitment |
| Gender (0=women, 1=men) | 53.2% | .16* | .09 | .24** | .33*** | −.16** |
| Race (0=White, 1=minority) | 28.7% | .35*** | .14 | .16 | .46*** | −.22** |
| Age | 39.7 | .01*** | .02*** | −.01 | .00 | .03*** |
| Educationa | 5.7 | .00 | .01 | .10*** | .10*** | −.07*** |
| Family incomeb | $60,000 | .00 | −.01 | .00 | .00 | .01** |
| U.S. census division | ||||||
| New England | 5.5% | RG | RG | RG | RG | RG |
| Middle Atlantic | 13.8% | −.10 | −.12 | −.03 | −.35 | .08 |
| East North Central | 15.6% | −.19 | −.07 | −.15 | −.08 | .14 |
| West North Central | 7.3% | −.19 | −.28 | −.14 | −.15 | .13 |
| South Atlantic | 19.7% | −.33* | −.51** | −.01 | .16 | .19 |
| East South Central | 6.4% | −.35* | −.52* | −.09 | .10 | .34* |
| West South Central | 9.7% | −.40** | −.49* | .26 | .19 | .13 |
| Mountain | 6.9% | −.14 | −.30 | −.12 | .22 | .04 |
| Pacific | 15.1% | −.05 | −.01 | −.06 | .01 | .19 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Management/business/financial | 12.9% | RG | RG | RG | RG | RG |
| Professional | 28.6% | −.15 | −.46*** | −.09 | −.18 | −.12 |
| Service | 15.0% | −.45** | −.78*** | .03 | −.19 | −.32** |
| Sales | 8.0% | −.20 | −.59** | .11 | .01 | −.68*** |
| Office/administrative support | 15.7% | −.09 | −.24 | −.20 | −.34* | −.29** |
| Construction/extraction/farming/fishing/forestry | 3.9% | .09 | −.92** | .17 | −.25 | −.09 |
| Installation/maintenance/repair | 4.4% | −.28 | −.51* | −.29 | −.28 | −.20 |
| Production | 4.9% | .29 | −.01 | −.44* | −.17 | −.35* |
| Transportation/material moving | 6.7% | −.23 | −.56** | .16 | −.41 | −.80*** |
| Job tenure (years) | 5.1 | −.02*** | .01 | .01* | .01* | .03*** |
| Number of weekly work hours | 43.1 | −.02*** | −.02*** | −.01 | −.01 | .02*** |
| Seasonal job (0=no, 1=yes) | 5.5% | .39** | .40 | .27 | .30 | −.03 |
| Type of employment (0=permanent, 1=contingent)c | 7.5% | .44*** | .04 | −.32* | −.34* | −.26* |
| Union member (0=no, 1=yes) | 17.4% | −.13 | .35** | −.09 | −.08 | .15 |
| Prerecession quarterly trendd | NA | .02 | .06 | .00 | −.01 | .04 |
| .01 | .06 | .00 | −.01 | .06* | ||
| Recession quarterly trendd | NA | −.03 | .00 | .01 | .04 | .02 |
| −.02 | .00 | .01 | .03 | .01 | ||
| Recession transitiond | NA | .42*** | 1.44*** | −.49*** | −.54** | −.51*** |
| .42*** | 1.45*** | −.40** | −.53** | −.48*** | ||
Note: N=4,676. RG = reference group. NA = not applicable.
Education was assessed with a 10-category ordinal item ranging from 1 = did not attend high school to 10 = doctoral level degree.
Median family income is reported. For the analyses, family income was rescaled into units of $10,000 to avoid very small coefficients.
Contingent employment represented workers who reported being an independent contractor, independent consultant, or freelance worker; an on-call or day laborer; or employed through a temporary help agency or outside contractor. Permanent employment represents workers who have a traditional, explicit or implicit, contract for long-term employment at their specific work organization.
In order to show the impact of controlling for the 12 demographic covariates on the associations involving the three recession-related variables, two sets of path coefficients are presented. Non-italicized coefficients (top) adjust for the covariates, and italicized coefficients (bottom) do not adjust for the covariates.
P ≤ .05,
p ≤ .01,
p ≤ .001.