Table 2:
Neuropsychological measures and changes
| Description of neuropsychological measures | Neuropsychological changes with EFV switch | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measures | Domains | Scale Range | Pre-Switch (SD) |
Post- Switch (SD) |
Change after EFV switch |
P- value |
Clinical interpretation |
|
| WAISR-DSST | Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale | Cognitive test to assess executive function | 0-100 Lower score = more cognitive dysfunction |
48.7 (11.8) | 53.5 (12.0) | +4.75 | <0.001 | Improved executive function |
| Trail Making | Trail Making test Parts A and B | Tests speed of information processing, attention and task switch to detect cognitive impairment | Time (log transformed, sec) Slower speed = greater cognitive impairment | 3.98 | 3.95 | −0.036 | 0.19 | Part A: faster information processing |
| 4.52 | 4.67 | 0.146 | 0.31 | Part B: unchanged executive function | ||||
| HAMD | Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression | Standard clinical measure of severity of depression | 0-7 is normal, >20 = moderate-severe depression | 5.1 (3.6) | 2.8 (2.6) | −2.30 | 0.003 | less depressive symptoms |
| DASS-21 | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale | Self-reported symptoms over the past week for depression, anxiety and stress | 0-63 Higher score = increased depressive symptoms |
Depression | less reported depression | |||
| 7.0 (9.0) | 3.4 (4.2) | −3.60 | 0.074 | |||||
| Anxiety | less self-reported anxiety | |||||||
| 4.3 (5.3) | 2.5 (2.2) | −1.80 | 0.067 | |||||
| Stress | less self-reported stress level | |||||||
| 6.9 (4.6) | 4.4 (4.2) | −2.50 | 0.013 | |||||
| FRSBE | Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale | Self-reported assessment for 3 frontal system: apathy, disinhibition and executive dysfunction | 37-186 Higher score = greater behavioral impairment |
78.4 (11.4) | 71.4 (11.3) | −7.00 | 0.004 | less self-reported behavioral symptoms |
| STAI | Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory | Assess specifically for presence and severity of anxiety | 20-80 Higher score = more anxiety |
29.1 (5.5) | 25.7 (5.2) | −3.40 | 0.003 | decreased anxiety |
| PSQI | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Subjective sleep quality to assess duration, sleep efficiency and disturbances | 0-21 Higher score = greater sleep disturbances |
5.1 (2.6) | 3.5 (1.8) | −1.60 | <0.001 | improved sleep quality |