Table 4.
Therapeutic Alliance Total Effect Predicting 24-month Symptomatic Outcomes
| CDSS Total Score | CDSS Total Score (with covariates) |
PANSS Total Score | PANSS Total Score (with covariates) |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | ES | Est. | SE | t | p | ES |
| Baseline Measure | .300 | .066 | 4.52 | <.0001 | .293 | .064 | 4.56 | <.0001 | .474 | .086 | 5.50 | <.0001 | - | .483 | .086 | 5.61 | <.0001 | - |
| VTAS Total Score | −.126 | .087 | −1.45 | .150 | −.030 | .085 | −.35 | .724 | −1.33 | .435 | −3.05 | .003 | .28 | −1.22 | .452 | −2.69 | .009 | .26 |
| PANSS Positive | PANSS Positive (with covariates) |
PANSS Negative | PANSS Negative (with covariates) |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | ES | Est. | SE | t | p | ES |
| Baseline Measure | .398 | .091 | 4.37 | <.0001 | .367 | .095 | 3.84 | .0002 | .434 | .099 | 4.38 | <.0001 | - | .414 | .106 | 3.90 | .0002 | - |
| VTAS Total Score | −.116 | .115 | −1.00 | .319 | −.051 | .127 | −.40 | .687 | −.426 | .173 | −2.47 | .016 | .23 | −.498 | .201 | −2.48 | .016 | .27 |
| PANSS Disorganized | PANSS Disorganized (with covariates) |
PANSS Excited | PANSS Excited (with covariates) |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | ES | Est. | SE | t | p | ES | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p |
| Baseline Measure | .341 | .079 | 4.32 | <.0001 | - | .336 | .080 | 4.20 | <.0001 | - | .265 | .090 | 2.96 | .004 | .249 | .091 | 2.73 | .008 |
| VTAS Total Score | −.157 | .075 | −2.08 | .041 | .21 | −.169 | .079 | −2.14 | .035 | .23 | −.145 | .085 | −1.71 | .091 | −.127 | .089 | −1.43 | .158 |
| PANSS Depressed | PANSS Depressed (with covariates) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p |
| Baseline Measure | .504 | .085 | 5.91 | <.0001 | .514 | .086 | 6.01 | <.0001 |
| VTAS Total Score | −.033 | .087 | −.38 | .704 | .027 | .089 | .30 | .764 |
Note. Est. = Estimate; SE = Standard Error; ES = Effect Size VTAS = Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale; CDSS = Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Due to missing 24-month data, sample sizes were smaller than full alliance sample (n=96). Four covariates (months in study at VTAS assessment, permanent change in therapist [0=did not change, 1=changed], number of supported employment/education sessions, number of family psychoeducation sessions) were included in the indicated models (See data analytic plan for aim 1a for detailed description of analyses). Unstandardized estimates in the table can be interpreted as “a one-unit change in X was associated with Z (estimate value) units change in Y”.