Table 5.

Between-Therapist and Within-Therapist Effects of Alliance Predicting 24-month Recovery Outcomes

	SPWB Total Averagea					SPWB Total Averagea (with covariates)				MHRM Total Averageb					MHRM Total Averageb (with covariates)
Predictor Variable	Est.	SE	t	p	ES	Est.	SE	t	p	Est.	SE	t	p	ES	Est.	SE	t	p	ES
Baseline Measure	.466	.094	4.96	<.0001	-	.477	.093	5.14	<.0001	.563	.080	7.03	<.0001	-	.555	.076	7.32	<.0001	-
VTAS - Between-Therapist Effect	.090	.041	2.19	.032	.22	.065	.040	1.61	.112	.111	.043	2.56	.015	.22	.082	.041	2.02	.046	.16
VTAS - Within-Therapist Effect	.058	.035	1.67	.098	-	.045	.034	1.32	.191	.049	.041	1.20	.233	-	.035	.040	.88	.379	-

	QLS Total Scorec					QLS Total Scorec (with covariates)
Predictor Variable	Est.	SE	t	p	ES	Est.	SE	t	p	ES
Baseline Measure	.701	.110	6.35	<.0001	-	.689	.110	6.26	<.0001	-
VTAS - Between-Therapist Effect	1.30	.971	1.34	.193	-	1.33	.951	1.40	.168	-
VTAS - Within-Therapist Effect	2.01	.808	2.48	.016	.19	1.89	.827	2.29	.025	.18

Note. Est. = Estimate; SE = Standard Error; ES = Effect Size; VTAS = Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale; SPWB = Scales of Psychological Well-being; MHRM = Mental Health Recovery Measure; QLS = Quality of Life Scale. Due to missing 24-month data, sample sizes were smaller than full alliance sample (sample sizes for each outcome variable are listed below). Four covariates (months in study at VTAS assessment, permanent change in therapist [0=did not change, 1=changed], number of supported employment/education sessions, number of family psychoeducation sessions) were included in the indicated models. Between-therapist effect = average therapist VTAS scores; Within-therapist effect = client VTAS score - his/her therapist’s average VTAS score (See data analytic plan for aim 1b for detailed description of analyses). Unstandardized estimates in the table can be interpreted as “a one-unit change in X was associated with Z (estimate value) units change in Y”.

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