Table 6.
Between-Therapist and Within-Therapist Effects of Alliance Predicting 24-month Symptomatic Outcomes
| CDSS Total Score | CDSS Total Score (with covariates) |
PANSS Total Score | PANSS Total Score (with covariates) |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | ES | Est. | SE | t | p | ES |
| Baseline Measure | .300 | .067 | 4.50 | <.0001 | .293 | .064 | 4.54 | <.0001 | .473 | .086 | 5.47 | <.0001 | - | .481 | .086 | 5.57 | <.0001 | - |
| VTAS - Betwee-Therapist Effect | −.150 | .137 | −1.09 | .285 | −.042 | .124 | −.34 | .739 | −.889 | .700 | −1.27 | .217 | −.872 | .739 | −1.18 | .251 | ||
| VTAS - Within-Therapist Effect | −.111 | .109 | −1.02 | .313 | −.021 | .110 | −.19 | .847 | −1.58 | .527 | −3.00 | .004 | .23 | −1.40 | .537 | −2.61 | .012 | .21 |
| PANSS Positive | PANSS Positive (with covariates) |
PANSS Negative | PANSS Negative (with covariates) |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | ES | Est. | SE | t | p | ES |
| Baseline Measure | .398 | .091 | 4.35 | <.0001 | .366 | .096 | 3.82 | .0003 | .434 | .099 | 4.36 | <.0001 | - | .413 | .107 | 3.88 | .0002 | - |
| VTAS - Between-Therapist Effect | −.049 | .182 | −.27 | .791 | −.010 | .206 | −.05 | .961 | −.336 | .234 | −1.44 | .153 | −.417 | .275 | −1.51 | .141 | ||
| VTAS - Within-Therapist Effect | −.158 | .144 | −1.10 | .274 | −.074 | .150 | −.49 | .623 | −.516 | .234 | −2.21 | .030 | .20 | −.571 | .247 | −2.31 | .024 | .22 |
| PANSS Disorganized | PANSS Disorganized (with covariates) |
PANSS Excited | PANSS Excited (with covariates) |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p |
| Baseline Measure | .340 | .080 | 4.27 | <.0001 | .337 | .081 | 4.17 | <.0001 | .260 | .090 | 2.88 | .005 | .243 | .092 | 2.64 | .010 |
| VTAS - Between-Therapist Effect | −.133 | .122 | −1.09 | .291 | −.163 | .129 | −1.26 | .221 | −.064 | .139 | −.46 | .647 | −.034 | .140 | −.24 | .811 |
| VTAS - Within-Therapist Effect | −.173 | .090 | −1.91 | .061 | −.173 | .094 | −1.85 | .070 | −.190 | .104 | −1.83 | .071 | −.184 | .110 | −1.67 | .100 |
| PANSS Depressed | PANSS Depressed (with covariates) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor Variable | Est. | SE | t | p | Est. | SE | t | p |
| Baseline Measure | .502 | .085 | 5.88 | <.0001 | .513 | .086 | 6.00 | <.0001 |
| VTAS - Between-Therapist Effect | .013 | .137 | .09 | .925 | .093 | .141 | .66 | .515 |
| VTAS - Within-Therapist Effect | −.063 | .108 | −.58 | .562 | −.013 | .108 | −.12 | .908 |
Note. Est. = Estimate; SE = Standard Error; ES = Effect Size VTAS = Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale; CDSS = Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Due to missing 24-month data, sample sizes were smaller than full alliance sample (n=96). Four covariates (months in study at VTAS assessment, permanent change in therapist [0=did not change, 1=changed], number of supported employment/education sessions, number of family psychoeducation sessions) were included in the indicated models. Between-therapist effect = average therapist VTAS scores; Within-therapist effect = client VTAS score - his/her therapist’s average VTAS score (See data analytic plan for aim 1b for detailed description of analyses). Unstandardized estimates in the table can be interpreted as “a one-unit change in X was associated with Z (estimate value) units change in Y”.