Table 7.

Total Effect and Between-Therapist and Within-Therapist Effects of Alliance Predicting Therapy Participation During 24 Months

A. Total Effect
	Total IRT Sessions					Total IRT Sessions (with covariates)
Predictor Variable	Est.	SE	t	p	ES	Est.	SE	t	p
VTAS Total Score	.713	.323	2.21	.029	.17	.118	.289	.41	.684

B. Between-Therapist and Within-Therapist Effects
	Total IRT Sessions				Total IRT Sessions (with covariates)
Predictor Variable	Est.	SE	t	p	Est.	SE	t	p
VTAS - Between-Therapist Effect	1.44	.813	1.77	.080	.123	.706	.17	.862
VTAS - Within-Therapist Effect	.574	.351	1.64	.104	.117	.312	.37	.709

Note. Est. = Estimate; SE = Standard Error; ES = Effect Size; VTAS = Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale; IRT = Individual Resiliency Training. There was no missing data for this outcome, thus the entire alliance sample was included (n=144). Four covariates (months in study at VTAS assessment, permanent change in therapist [0=did not change, 1=changed], number of supported employment/education sessions, number of family psychoeducation sessions) were included in the indicated models. Between-therapist effect = average therapist VTAS scores; Within-therapist effect = client VTAS score - his/her therapist’s average VTAS score. (See data analytic plan for aims 2a and 2b for detailed description of analyses). Unstandardized estimates in the table can be interpreted as “a one-unit change in X was associated with Z (estimate value) units change in Y”.