Figure 3.

Examples of heterogeneous constructs generated by bioprinting. (A) 3D printed aortic valve conduit with smooth muscle cells and aortic valve leaflet interstitial cells encapsulated; adapted, with permission, from [19]. (B) Cell patterning with different fluorescence using direct inkjet printing (scale bar=1 mm); adapted from [87]. (C) 3D printed sheep meniscus with bioink of nanofibrillated cellulose and alginate (scale bar=2 mm); adapted, with permission, from [91]. (D) 3D printed scaffolds of calcium sulfate and mesoporous bioactive glass; adapted from [96]. (E) 3D construct with two separated bioinks which simultaneously extruded by a microfluidic system; adapted, with permission, from [97]. (F) Self-assembly of peptide-protein (peptide amphiphiles and keratin) bioinks after bioprinting; adapted, with permission, from [89].