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. 2019 Jul 12;4:29. doi: 10.1038/s41541-019-0124-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Adult female mice have greater antibody responses to an inactivated 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine than their male counterparts, which is mitigated in aged mice. Adult (8–10 weeks) and aged (68–70 weeks) male (dark or light blue, respectively) and female (dark or light pink, respectively) mice were vaccinated with an inactivated ma2009 H1N1 vaccine and plasma was collected on days 28 and 35 (i.e., 7 and 14 days post boost) (a). Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers (b), neutralizing antibody titers (c), anti-2009 H1N1 IgG (d), anti-2009 H1N1 IgG1 (e), anti-2009 H1N1 IgG2c (f), the ratio of IgG1/IgG2 (g), and antibody avidity (h) responses were measured. Data represent mean ± standard error of the mean from two independent replications (n = 9–10/group) and significant differences between groups are denoted by asterisks (*p < 0.05) based on two-way ANOVAs (b–f) or one-way ANOVAs (g, h)