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. 2019 Jul 12;9:10089. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46315-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study flow chart. Participants were excluded from the service after screening if (1) the fractures were related to trauma, cancer, or atypical fracture at femoral shaft; (2) participating physicians felt that the patients’ life expectancy are ≦2 years; (3) unable and unwilling to complete study assessments and follow-up; (4) participating in other fracture or osteoporosis intervention trials. After enrollment, interventions were performed and they were followed for 12 months. Participants with osteoporosis medications (n = 475 in FLS group and n = 499 in MMS group) are regrouped into HF, VF, HF + VF and NO HF/VF for secondary data analysis. HF: participants with hip fracture, VF: participants with vertebral fracture. HF + VF: participants with hip fracture and vertebral fracture. NO HF/VF: participants with no hip fracture or vertebral fracture.