Table 2.
Adjusted OR for selected outcomes by participant characteristics.
| Mortality OR (95% CI) | Incident Fracture OR (95% CI) | Fall OR (95% CI) | Exercise rate OR (95% CI) | Adequate protein intake OR (95% CI) | Calcium supplement use OR (95% CI) | Vitamin D supplement use OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
1.08*** (1.02–1.13) |
1.02* (1.00–1.06) |
0.98*** (0.96–0.99) |
0.94*** (0.90–0.98) |
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| Fracture type (reference: NO HF/VF) | HF |
6.78** (3.75–12.84) |
1.36* (1.08–2.65) |
0.80*** (0.75–0.85) |
0.94** (0.89–0.98) |
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| VF |
3.67* (2.03–5.95) |
1.32* (1.06–2.23) |
0.81*** (0.77–0.87) |
0.91*** (0.90–0.95) |
0.91** (0.89–0.95) |
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| HF + VF |
4.25* (2.35–8.06) |
1.61* (1.13–3.42) |
0.79*** (0.74–0.84) |
0.88*** (0.84–0.94) |
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| BMI (kg/m2) (reference: BMI > 21) |
2.06* (1.22–3.76) |
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| Steroid use |
3.70* (1.12–8.85) |
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| Rheumatoid arthritis |
0.45* (0.20–0.96) |
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| ALP (U/L) (reference: ALP < 100) |
0.76* (0.56–0.94) |
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| Albumin (g/dL) (reference: Alb > 3.8) |
2.85* (1.58–5.39) |
1.92* (1.14–2.55) |
1.56* (1.12~2.16) |
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| Diabetes |
1.86* (1.04–2.47) |
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| Liver disease |
0.56* (0.32–0.94) |
0.33* (0.27–0.89) |
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| Osteoarthritis |
1.53** (1.08–2.67) |
1.72* (1.28–2.25) |
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| Psychosis |
3.35* (2.66~4.14) |
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| Neurologic disease |
1.70** (1.13–3.82) |
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| Cancer |
2.13*** (1.32–4.00) |
1.56* (1.11–2.33) |
CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.
HF: Participants with hip fracture.
VF: Participants with vertebral fracture.
HF + VF: Participants with hip fracture and vertebral fracture.
NO HF/VF: Participants with no hip fracture or vertebral fracture.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.