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. 2019 Jul 12;9:10131. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46171-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overview of the LII MK backbones. The system contains six unique LII plasmid backbone series (each with positions 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6). The p421 (RK2), p431 (pBBR1), p441 (ColE1), and p451 (RSF1010) series contain different origins of replication for gram-negative bacteria, an origin of transfer (OriT), and flanking terminators (T1, T0). Plant backbones contain a double origin of replication for E. coli (ColE1) and Agrobacterium (pVS1) along with an OriT and T-DNA borders for genomic integration. Yeast backbones contain a ColE1 origin of replication for bacteria, a yeast origin of replication (high copy 2 µ or low copy CEN/ARS), and an auxotrophic or dominant marker.