Table 1.
Sleep quality, demographics, lifestyle factors and comorbidities by ethnic group.
| Total N = 4399 |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europeans (n = 2200) | South Asians (n = 1468) | African Caribbeans (n = 731) | ||
| Age (years) | 52.9 (7.1) | 50.7 (6.9) | 53.4 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Males | 1678 (76.3) | 1264 (86.1) | 414 (56.6) | <0.001 |
| Years of education | 10.5 (2.5) | 11.9 (3.8) | 10.6 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (4.1) | 26.0 (3.6) | 27.6 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol frequency | ||||
| Less than daily | 656 (28.3) | 332 (19.5) | 116 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Daily/almost daily | 807 (34.9) | 351 (20.6) | 241 (31.4) | |
| Rarely | 710 (30.7) | 328 (19.3) | 336 (43.8) | |
| Never | 142 (6.1) | 693 (40.7) | 75 (9.8) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 691 (31.4) | 1125 (76.6) | 481 (65.8) | <0.001 |
| Ever smoked | 1509 (68.6) | 343 (23.4) | 250 (34.2) | |
| CVD | 198 (9.0) | 128 (8.7) | 45 (6.2) | 0.050 |
| Diabetes | 143 (6.5) | 292 (19.9) | 139 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensives | 249 (11.3) | 208 (14.2) | 165 (22.6) | <0.001 |
| Morning tiredness | 835 (38.0) | 525 (35.8) | 271 (37.1) | 0.404 |
| Difficulty falling asleep | 408 (17.5) | 342 (20.1) | 189 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| Early morning waking | 806 (36.6) | 707 (48.2) | 285 (39.0) | <0.001 |
Note. Values represent means (SDs) or n (%), BMI = body mass index, CVD = cardiovascular disease, P = p-value from either one-way ANOVA or chi-squared analysis.