Table 1. Summary of FtM IPP studies: methods and complications.
| Study | Total study patients [patients w/IPP placement] | Total implants [N] | Indication [N] | Type of phalloplasty [N] | Proximal fixation technique | Model of original IPP [N] | Follow up mean [range] months | Overall revision rate [N] | Rate of malrotation [N] | Erosion/protrusion [N] | Rate of mechanical failure [N] | Rate of infection [N] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leriche [2008] | 56 [38~] | – | FtM transsexual [56] | RAFF* [56] | Unknown | AMS Ambicor, AMS 700 | 110 [11–204] | 29% [11] | – | – | – | – |
| Hoebeke [2010] | 129 [129] | 185 | FtM transsexual [129] | RAFF [129] | Pre 2006: Dacron windsock [total or proximal]; post 2006: Rear tip extender with suture fixation to pubic bone |
DynaFlex [9]; AMS CX/CXM [50]; AMS CX Inhibizone [17]; AMS Ambicor [47]; Coloplast/Mentor [6] |
30 [0–132] | 41.1% [53] replacement; 14.6% [27] revision for malrotation | 14.6% [27] | 8.1% [15] | 9.2% [17] leak; 13% [24] dysfunction | 11.9% [22] |
| Zuckerman [2015] | 31 [10]^ | – | FtM transsexual [15]; other^^ [16] | RAFF [30]; other** [1] | Goretex “neotunica” | AMS 700CX/CXR, Coloplast Titan | 59.7 [1–227] | 23% [7] | 3.2% [1] | 6.4% [2] | – | 9.7% [3] |
| Neuville [2016] | 69 [69] | 95 | FtM transsexual [62]; other [7] | RAFF [40]; other [29] | Hemashield Gold proximally or no graft, bone anchored | AMS Ambicor [69] | 48 [3–96] | 35% [34] | 12.6% [12] | 4.2% [4] | 10.5% [10] | 8.4% [8] |
| Falcone [2018] | 247 [247] | 328 | FtM transsexual [247] | RAFF [157]; other [90] | Dacron “sock and cap” | AMS700CX [226]; AMS 700CXM/R [31]; Coloplast Titan [58]; AMS Ambicor [13]~ |
20 [7–123] | 43.3% [107] | 19.4% [48] | Combined w/infection | 15.4% [38] | 8.5% [21] |
| Cohen [2017] | 10 [10] | – | FtM transsexual [8]; other [2] | RAFF [10] | Bone anchored with Goretex buttress | AMS CX [5]; AMS LGX [5] |
49 [21–89] | 70% [7/10] | 30% [3] | – | 20% [2] | 50% [5] |
~, total includes malleable prostheses (AMS 600), prototype for FtoM [no longer available]; *, radial artery free flap phalloplasty (RAFF); **, pedicled pubic phalloplasty, femoral flap, inguinal flap, unknown; ^, 21 pts with malleable prosthesis included in complication analysis; ^^, other: congenital, secondary penile loss penile loss secondary to trauma, infection, penile cancer; ~, all devices.