Extended Data Figure 1. Hierarchical gating strategy used to identify lymphocyte populations in human blood and lung samples.

Single cells from blood or lung samples from human participants were processed for flow cytometry, and all doublets were excluded. Cells were gated as lymphocytes, live, CD45⁺ and CD3⁺ T cells or CD3⁻ cells. CD3⁻ cells were gated on CD56 and CD94. CD94⁺ cells are NK cells and were further sub-gated as CD16⁻CD56^hi NK cells or CD16⁺CD56^dim NK cells. ILCs in the CD94⁻ fraction were CD127⁺ and negative for all lineage markers CD4, CD11c, CD14, CD19, CD34, FcER1, BDCA2, TCRαβ and TCRγδ. Total ILCs were CD127⁺CD161⁺, ILC2 were Lin⁻CD127⁺CRTH2⁺ cells. ILC1 were Lin⁻CD127⁺CRTH2⁻CD56⁻CD117⁻ cells. ILC3 were Lin⁻CD127⁺CRTH2⁻CD117⁺ cells with variable CD56 expression.