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. 2018 Nov 26;10(8):550–565. doi: 10.1007/s13238-018-0597-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Structures of sialic acids and the diversity of sialylated glycoproteins. (A) Structures of sialic acids. Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and Kdn are similarly structured and they possess different groups at the C5 position, which are red underlined. (B) The diversity of sialylated glycoproteins. Sialylated glycans can be attached to proteins or peptides through oxygen atom on serine/threonine or nitrogen atom on asparagine. And sialylated glycans can be linear or branched, comprised of multiple saccharides, including GlcNAc, GalNAc, mannose, fucose, galactose and so on