Table 2.
The summary of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of sialic acids and sialylated glycans.
| Gene name (human/mouse) |
Protein name | Molecular function | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| GNE/Gne | UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase | Catalyzes UDP-GlcNAc to ManNAc | (Comb and Roseman, 1958) |
| GNE/Gne | N-acetylmannosamine kinase | Converts ManNAc to ManNAc-6P | (Ghosh and Roseman, 1961) |
| NANS/Nans | N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase | Produces Neu5Ac and KDN. | (Roseman, et al., 1961) |
| NANP/Nanp | N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase | Converts Neu5Ac-9P to Neu5Ac | (Jourdian, et al., 1964) |
| CMAS/Cmas | N-acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase | Catalyzes NeuNAc to CMP-NeuNAc | (Coates, et al., 1980) |
| ST3GAL1/St3gal1 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 | Transfer NeuNAc from CMP-NeuNAc with an alpha-2,3-linkage to substrates | |
| ST3GAL2/St3gal2 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 | (Lee, et al., 1994) | |
| ST3GAL3/St3gal3 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3 | ||
| ST3GAL4/St3gal4 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4 | (Sasaki, et al., 1993) | |
| ST3GAL5/St3gal5 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5 | (Kono, et al., 1998)Kono et al | |
| ST3GAL6/St3gal6 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6 | (Okajima, et al., 1999) | |
| ST6GAL1/St6gal1 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 | Transfer NeuNAc from CMP-NeuNAc with an alpha-2,6-linkage to substrates | (Hamamoto, et al., 1993) |
| ST6GAL2/St6gal2 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 | (Krzewinski-Recchi, et al., 2003) | |
| ST6GALNAC1/St6galnac1 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 | (Takashima, et al., 1999) | |
| ST6GALNAC2/St6galnac2 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 | (Kurosawa, et al., 1996) | |
| ST6GALNAC3/St6galnac3 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3 | (Takashima, et al., 1999) | |
| St6galnac4 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 4 | (Takashima, et al., 1999) | |
| ST6GALNAC5/St6galnac5 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5 | (Ikehara, et al., 1999) | |
| ST6GALNAC6/St6galnac6 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6 | (Okajima, et al., 2000) | |
| ST8SIA1/St8sia1 | Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8A | Transfer NeuNAc from CMP-NeuNAc with an alpha-2,8-linkage to substrates | (Yoshida, et al., 1995) |
| ST8SIA2/St8sia2 | Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8B | (Yoshida, et al., 1995) | |
| ST8SIA3/St8sia3 | Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8C | (Yoshida, et al., 1995) | |
| ST8SIA4/St8sia4 | Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8D | (Eckhardt and Gerardy-Schahn, 1998) | |
| ST8SIA5/St8sia5 | Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8E | (Kono, et al., 1996) | |
| ST8SIA6/St8sia6 | Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8F | (Takashima, et al., 2002) |