Table 2.
General characteristics of study participants in case and control group
| Variables | Osteoporosis cases (n = 758) | Controls (n = 766) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (means ± SD) | 65.5 ± 16.1 | 66.7 ± 17.0 | 0.157 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (means ± SD) | 24.4 ± 5.9 | 23.3 ± 5.6 | 0.0002 |
| WC (cm) (means ± SD) | 86.5 ± 16.1 | 84.2 ± 15.6 | 0.005 |
| Smoke, N (%) | 62 (8.2) | 39 (5.1) | 0.015 |
| Alcohol drinking, N (%) | 102 (13.5) | 60 (7.8) | 0.0004 |
| Calcium supplementation, n (%) | 244 (32.2) | 223 (29.1) | 0.192 |
| YSM (years) (means ± SD) | 9.52 ± 5.84 | 10.03 ± 5.65 | 0.083 |
| T score | |||
| Femoral neck | − 2.73 ± 0.69 | 0.02 ± 0.30 | 0.000 |
| Total femoral | − 1.57 ± 1.01 | 0.03 ± 0.24 | 0.000 |
| Lumbar spine | − 0.75 ± 0.91 | 0.45 ± 0.82 | 0.000 |
| Lumbar BMD (g/cm2) (means ± SD) | 0.90 ± 0.14 | 1.05 ± 0.13 | 0.000 |
| Femoral BMD (g/cm2) (means ± SD) | 0.82 ± 0.10 | 0.95 ± 0.11 | 0.000 |
YSM years since menopause; BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; BMD bone mineral density