Average number of data elements per study |
4.46 |
6.44 |
Range of number of data elements |
1–12 |
1–15 |
Median number of data elements |
4 |
6 |
Number of distinct data elements |
39 |
50 |
Unmapped data elements |
25 |
60 |
Number (percent) of studies with at least one unmapped variable |
19 (18.3%) |
35 (33.7%) |
Number of joins across studies |
36 |
86 |
Number (percent) of studies requiring joins |
25 (24.0%) |
49 (47.1%) |
Joins per study |
range 1–3 |
range 1–9 |
Modules in joins |
6 |
8 |
Data elements in joins |
20 |
19 |
Number of aggregates |
5 in 5 studies |
27 in 22 studies |
Aggregate functions used |
Count and Last |
Count, last, minimum, maximum, average, first |
Number (percent) of studies including both join and aggregate |
2 (1.9%) |
8 (7.7%) |