TABLE 4.
Multivariate logistic regressions: related counselling and treatment among health centre patients
| Smoking cessation counselling (N = 1,741) |
Alcohol treatment/ counselling (N = 289) |
Weight management counselling (N = 5,435) |
High blood pressure counselling (N = 2,565) |
High blood cholesterol treatment/ counselling (N = 1,963) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.141 (0.833, 1.563) | 0.739 (0.504, 1.084) | 1.867(1.571,2.218)*** | 1.317 (0.916, 1.895) | 1.343 (0.669, 2.696) |
| Hispanic | 0.875 (0.586, 1.305) | 0.651 (0.389, 1.089) | 1.833(1.518,2.212)*** | 1.080 (0.709, 1.645) | 0.573 (0.286, 1.148) |
| Other | 0.778 (0.548, 1.104) | 0.835 (0.523, 1.334) | 1.080(0.894, 1.303) | 1.039 (0.693, 1.556) | 1.180(0.515,2.703) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 1.088 (0.846, 1.398) | 0.507*** (0.368, 0.697) | 1.413 (1.251, 1.597)*** | 1.004 (0.765, 1.318) | 1.036(0.620, 1.729) |
| Age | |||||
| >65 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 65 years and over | 1.661 (0.851, 3.241) | 0.063** (0.009, 0.467) | 0.627 (0.502, 0.784)*** | 0.899(0.593, 1.363) | 1.115 (0.472, 2.629) |
| Education level | |||||
| More than High school | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| High school | 0.896(0.660, 1.217) | 0.869 (0.596, 1.267) | 0.862 (0.740, 1.004) | 1.084 (0.773, 1.520) | 1.215 (0.610, 2.419) |
| Less than high school | 1.061 (0.780, 1.443) | 0.788 (0.537, 1.157) | 0.789 (0.679, 0.917)** | 1.045 (0.750, 1.458) | 0.730 (0.396, 1.345) |
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Not employed | 0.906(0.773, 1.063) | 1.194 (0.966, 1.476) | 0.893 (0.831, 0.960)** | 1.004 (0.845, 1.192) | 1.141 (0.824, 1.579) |
| Poverty status | |||||
| 200% or More than FPL | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| 101% to 199% FPL | 1.593(0.981,2.584) | 0.719 (0.373, 1.386) | 1.236(0.992, 1.539) | 1.295(0.803,2.088) | 1.284 (0.530,3.112) |
| Less than or equal to 100% FPL | 1.265 (0.809, 1.976) | 0.658 (0.360, 1.205) | 1.228 (0.991, 1.522) | 1.265 (0.799, 2.003) | 0.939 (0.398,2.212) |
| Health insurance | |||||
| Private | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Medicare | 0.755 (0.460, 1.237) | 2.299* (1.035, 5.106) | 1.130(0.901, 1.418) | 1.015(0.645, 1.599) | 0.900 (0.369, 2.193) |
| Medicaid | 0.997(0.654, 1.520) | 2.133* (1.025, 4.438) | 1.010 (0.836, 1.220) | 1.154 (0.738, 1.804) | 1.195 (0.517, 2.764) |
| Other public | 0.960 (0.491, 1.876) | 1.278 (0.430, 3.800) | 0.772 (0.561, 1.062) | 0.743 (0.375, 1.473) | 0.913 (0.233, 3.574) |
| Uninsured | 0.893 (0.565, 1.411) | 1.870 (0.863,4.051) | 0.794 (0.646, 0.974)* | 1.057(0.655, 1.705) | 1.129 (0.465, 2.745) |
| Census region | |||||
| Northeast | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| South | 0.650 (0.419, 1.008) | 0.915(0.541, 1.550) | 0.846 (0.700, 1.023) | 1.217 (0.795, 1.862) | 0.792 (0.352, 1.785) |
| Midwest | 0.667 (0.429, 1.038) | 0.924 (0.556, 1.534) | 0.958 (0.775, 1.184) | 1.487 (0.894, 2.473) | 1.191 (0.456, 3.112) |
| West | 0.550 (0.372, 0.813)** | 0.841 (0.545, 1.297) | 0.824 (0.696, 0.976)* | 0.940 (0.644, 1.374) | 1.063 (0.511, 2.211) |
| English speaking | |||||
| Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 1.040 (0.617, 1.752) | 1.294 (0.670, 2.499) | 0.881 (0.738, 1.051) | 0.673 (0.427, 1.058) | 0.200 (0.076, 0.525)** |
| Health status | |||||
| Excellent/very good/good | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Fair/poor | 1.114 (0.858, 1.446) | 0.801 (0.574, 1.118) | 1.245 (1.099, 1.410)** | 1.115 (0.838, 1.482) | 1.269 (0.731, 2.203) |
| Need help with ADLs | |||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.117 (0.830, 1.503) | 0.867 (0.607, 1.237) | 1.073 (0.923, 1.248) | 1.148 (0.842, 1.566) | 0.771 (0.423, 1.405) |
| Need help with IADLs | |||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.143 (0.867, 1.506) | 1.500* (1.072, 2.099) | 0.891 (0.773, 1.027) | 1.021 (0.749, 1.393) | 1.314 (0.721, 2.394) |
| Number of chronic conditions | |||||
| None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| One | 1.851 (1.347, 2.543)*** | 1.535 (0.895, 2.633) | 1.767 (1.518, 2.058)*** | 0.786 (0.578, 1.068) | 0.790 (0.352, 1.777) |
| Two or more | 3.622 (2.604, 5.038)*** | 2.507***(1.497, 4.199) | 2.913 (2.482, 3.420)*** | 0.998 (0.764, 1.459) | 1.767 (0.772, 4.043) |
| Types of health centre funding | |||||
| Community Health Center | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Public Housing Primary Care | 1.009 (0.624, 1.631) | 1.785 (0.918, 3.470) | 0.817 (0.657, 1.017) | 0.810 (0.495, 1.326) | 1.872 (0.547, 6.414) |
| Migrant Health Center | 0.571 (0.327, 0.995)* | 0.734 (0.270, 1.993) | 0.922 (0.758, 1.121) | 1.053 (0.604, 1.834) | 3.848 (1.273, 6.166)* |
| Health Care for the Homeless | 1.073 (0.812, 1.419) | 4.881* (3.362, 7.085) | 0.790 (0.673, 0.926)** | 0.828 (0.584, 1.172) | 0.726 (0.386, 1.365) |
| Number of physician visits | |||||
| None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| One time | 0.720 (0.361, 1.435) | 0.426 (0.151, 1.203) | 1.221 (0.850, 1.755) | 0.705 (0.313, 1.586) | 4.510 (0.964, 21.105) |
| Two to three times | 0.761 (0.415, 1.398) | 0.692 (0.307, 1.560) | 1.501 (1.094, 2.058)* | 1.833 (0.865, 3.883) | 2.297 (0.760, 6.941) |
| Four to five times | 1.674 (0.892, 3.139) | 0.867 (0.384, 1.954) | 2.097 (1.523, 2.888)*** | 2.195 (1.031, 4.671)* | 3.981 (1.282, 12.368)* |
| Five or more times | 1.813 (0.993, 3.312) | 0.718 (0.326, 1.585) | 2.224 (1.626, 3.042)*** | 1.633 (0.790, 3.375) | 3.149 (1.086, 9.135)* |
*
Note. p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001