Table 2.

Overview of various inorganic nanocarriers for delivery of anticancer therapeutics

Nanocarrier	Materials	Drug	Target	Refs.
Metal nanoparticle	Pluronic-b-poly(l-lysine) and gold nanoparticles	Paclitaxel	Human breast cancer (in vitro/in vivo)	[160]
	Folic acid, transferrin and gold nanoparticles	Gemcitabine	Human mammary gland breast adenocarcinoma (in vitro)	[161]
	Apatite stacked gold nanoparticles	Docetaxel	Human liver cancer (in vitro)	[140]
	Chitosan and gold nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human breast cancer (in vitro)	[142]
	CTAB and gold nanoparticles	Fluorouracil	Human skin cancer (in vitro/in vivo)
	Polyethylenimine and silver nanoparticles	Paclitaxel	Human liver carcinoma (in vitro)	[162]
	Silver nanoparticles	Imatinib	Human breast adenocarcinoma (in vitro)	[163]
	PEG and silver nanoparticles	Methotrexate	Human breast cancer (in vitro)	[164]
Metal oxide nanoparticle	PEG and gadolinium oxide nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human lung carcinoma, human pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma, human glioblastoma (in vitro)	[165]
	Folic acid, PEG and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human breast cancer (in vitro/in vivo)	[166]
	BSA, folic acid and nickel oxide nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human cervical epithelial malignant carcinoma (in vitro)	[167]
	PEG and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma (in vitro/in vivo)	[168]
	Zinc oxide nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human breast cancer, human colorectal adenocarcinoma (in vitro/in vivo)	[169]
	Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Docetaxel	Human prostate carcinoma (in vitro)	[170]
	PEG, dextran, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Cetuximab	Human squamous carcinoma	[171]
Carbon nanomaterial	PEG and single-walled carbon nanotubes	Cisplatin	Head and neck cancer (in vitro/in vivo)	[172]
	PEG, anionic polymer, dimethylmaleic acid and carbon dots	Cisplatin IV	Human ovarian carcinoma (in vitro/in vivo)	[173]
	Chitosan, single walled carbon nanotubes	Doxorubicin	Human cervical epithelial malignant carcinoma (in vitro)	[174]
	Endoglin, iron, single-walled carbon nanotubes	Doxorubicin	Murine breast cancer (in vitro/in vivo)	[175]
	Carbon nanoparticles	Methotrexate	Human lung carcinoma (in vitro)	[176]
	Human serum albumin, single-walled carbon nanotubes	Paclitaxel	Human breast cancer (in vitro)	[177]
	Carboxymethyl chitosan, fluorescein isothiocyanate, lactobionic acid, and graphene oxides	Doxorubicin	Human hepatocarcinoma (in vitro)	[178]
	PEG, nanographene oxides	Resveratrol	Mouse mammary carcinoma (in vitro/in vivo)	[179]
	Dendrimer, gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetate, prostate stem cell antigen monoclonal antibody, graphene oxides	Doxorubicin	Prostate cancer (in vivo)	[180]
Mesoporous silica nanoparticle	PEG, amino-β-cyclodextrin, folic acid, mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Breast cancer (in vivo)	[181]
	Lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticle, mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Murine hepatocellular carcinoma (in vitro/in vivo)	[73]
	Bismuth(III) sulphide nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Multidrug-resistant breast cancer (in vitro/in vivo)	[182]
	(S)-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triaceticacid, PEG, Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Sunitinib	Human glioblastoma (in vitro/in vivo)	[183]
	Poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human cervical epithelial malignant carcinoma (in vitro)	[184]
	Folic acid, dexamethasone, mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Human cervical epithelial malignant carcinoma (in vitro)	[185]
	Glucose, poly(ethylene imine), mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Celastrol	Human cervical epithelial malignant carcinoma, human lung carcinoma (in vitro)	[186]
	Aptamer, mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Doxorubicin	Colon cancer (in vitro)	[187]

The table illustrates the type of inorganic nanomaterial used as nanocarrier, the drug loaded on the carrier and target site