Figure 3.

Effect of HA on STAT3, MAPK and NF-κB activation induced by LPS in THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells (10⁶ cells/mL) were dispensed onto 6-well plates and were treated with the indicated concentrations of HA (2, 5 and 10 μM), parthenolide (PTL, 10 μM), PD98059 (PD, 20 μM), SB203580 (SB, 10 μM) or vehicle followed by treatment of LPS (50 ng/mL) for 24 h (A), 60 min (B), and 30 min (C,D), respectively. Cell lysates were obtained and analyzed for IκBα degradation and the level of phosphorylated-STAT3, ERK and p38 MAPK by Western blotting. Data represent means ± S.D. from three independent experiments. ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 and ^### p < 0.001 as compared with the resting; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 as compared with the vehicle.