Table 1.
Participant characteristics for total group and comparison between genders.
| Parameters | Total (n = 84) | Boys (n = 40) | Girls (n = 44) | p |
| Age (years) | 8.6 ± 1.4 1 | 8.6 ± 1.5 1 | 8.6 ± 1.3 1 | 0.98 |
| Height (cm) | 1.32 ± 0.10 1 | 1.32 ± 0.10 1 | 1.32 ± 0.09 1 | 0.94 |
| Weight (kg) | 33.5 ± 10.9 1 | 33.4 ± 11.1 1 | 33.7 ± 11.0 1 | 0.91 |
| HAZ | 0.37 ± 0.94 1 | 0.34 ± 0.95 1 | 0.40 ± 0.14 1 | 0.76 |
| BMI zsc | 1.02 ± 1.63 1 | 1.05 ± 1.82 1 | 0.99 ± 1.47 1 | 0.87 |
| Healthy (BMI zsc −2–+1) | 50 (60%) 2 | 25 (63%) 2 | 25 (57%) 2 | |
| Over-nourished (BMI zsc >+1) | 34 (40%) 2 | 15 (38%) 2 | 19 (43%) 2 | |
| Body composition | ||||
| Fat mass (kg) | 11.7 ± 7.0 1 | 10.3 ± 6.9 1 | 12.9 ± 7.0 1 | 0.10 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 21.5 ±4.9 1 | 22.6 ± 5.0 1 | 20.5 ± 4.7 1 | 0.04 |
| Body fat (%) | 32.9 ± 9.7 1 | 28.9 ± 9.2 1 | 36.5 ± 8.8 1 | <0.01 |
| Vitamin D status | Total (n = 59) | Boys (n = 28) | Girls (n = 31) | p |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 27.3 ± 5.3 1 | 28.4 ± 5.1 1 | 26.3 ± 5.2 1 | 0.90 |
| Deficient (≤20 ng/mL) | 4 (7%) 2 | 2 (7%) 2 | 2 (6%) 2 | |
| Insufficient (21–29 ng/mL) | 35 (59%) 2 | 15 (54%) 2 | 20 (65%) 2 | |
| Sufficient (≥30 ng/mL) | 20 (34%) 2 | 11 (39%) 2 | 9 (29%) 2 |
1 mean ± SD; 2 number (column percentage). HAZ: height for age z-score; BMI zsc: body mass index z-score.