Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics and outcomes of interest of the included studies.

Author/year	Country	Aim	Study Outline	Analysis Method	GB* Product (GBF**, GBP*** or GBB ****) AND Health Benefit Analyzed	Population Analyzed	Heath Benefit Confirmation (Yes or No)
Best, Lewis and Nasser (1984) [41]	England	To check the anti-ulcerogenic activity of the unripe plantain banana.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Extracts of Banana flour were assessed for biological activity against ulceration (prophylactic or curative).	GBF Exercise anti-ulcerogenic activity	14 male rats with ulcer	Yes
Dunjic et al. (1993) [42]	Sweden	To evaluate the protective capacities of GB and their potentially active against acute and chronic gastric mucosal lesions.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo GBP was mixed with saline or pectin and phosphatidylcholine solution and given by gavage, as a pretreatment in a single dose.	GBP Protection of gastric mucosa against experimentally induced injuries in rats	121 male rats with an injury to the stomach	Yes
Rabbani et al. (2001) [44]	Bangladesh	To evaluate the therapeutic effects of GB in children with persistent diarrhea.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo In a double-blind trial, boys were randomly given a rice-based diet containing either 250 g/L of cooked GB or 4 g/kg pectin or the rice-diet alone (control), for seven days. Stool weight and consistency, the frequency of vomiting and purging, and duration of illness were measured.	GBP Control of persistent diarrhea	62 boys (age 5–12 months) with persistent diarrhea	Yes
Langkilde, Champ, and Andersson (2002) [43]	Sweden	To evaluate how RS***** influences small-intestinal absorption of nutrients, sterol metabolism and colonic fermentation	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vitro e in vivo 10 ileostomy subjects received a controlled diet with 30 g raw GBF or cooked GBF in random order. After, 7 ileostomy subjects received a plant-polysaccharide-free diet with the addition of 30 g GBF.	GBF Knowledge of how RS influences small-intestinal absorption of nutrients, sterol metabolism and colonic fermentation	10 ileostomized adults (male 50%; age 28–70 years)	Yes
Rabbani et al. (2004) [45]	Bangladesh	To evaluate whether the effects of GB and pectin were associated with improvement of the small bowel mucosal permeability in children with persistent diarrhea	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Boys with persistent diarrhea (14 days) received week’s treatment with a rice-based diet containing either cooked GB, pectin, or rice diet alone. Intestinal permeability was assessed before and after treatment.	GBP Control of persistent diarrhea	57 boys (5–12 months) with persistent diarrhea (14 days)	Yes
Bahado-Singh et al. (2006) [47]	Jamaica	To determine the Glicemic Index (GI) of some commonly eaten Caribbean carbohydrate-rich foods, processed by different traditional cooking methods.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo GI values for 14 commonly eaten carbohydrate-rich foods processed by various methods were determined using ten healthy subjects. Pure glucose was used as the standard with a GI value of 100.	GB Knowledge of GB glycemic Index. GB presented Low glycemic index when boiled or fried.	10 healthy adults (non-diabetic, 18–40 years)	Yes
Álvarez-Acosta et al. (2009) [48]	Venezuela	To evaluate the beneficial effects of GB based diet on stool volume, frequency and weight gain as compared with a traditional yogurt-based diet in children with persistent diarrhea.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Prospective, in-hospital controlled trial in children who had experienced 14 days of persistent diarrhea. Two groups of 40 individuals received isocaloric (100 kcal/kg/d) diets: 1) a-week treatment consisting of a 50 g/L of cooked GB-based diet. 2) The control group was fed on a yogurt-based diet.	GBP Control of persistent diarrhea	80 children of both gender with ages ranging from 1 to 28 months, with persistent diarrhea (14 days).	Yes
Rabbani et al. (2010) [46]	Bangladesh	To determine the effectiveness of adding GB to conventional household diets in the management of childhood diarrhea (reducing the duration)	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Individuals were randomly assigned to either a standard care group or standard care plus GB group (mothers were instructed to add a cooked GB to the diets of diarrheal children. Through a village-based surveillance system, diarrheal morbidity data (severity, duration, and compliance) were collected for 14 days.	GBP Treatment of diarrhea acute and prolonged in children	2968 Bangladeshi rural children 6–36 months old with diarrhea	Yes
Ble-Castillo et al. (2010) [49]	Mexico	To compare the effects of native banana starch (NBS) and soy milk (control) on body weight and insulin sensitivity in obese type 2 diabetics	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Subjects undertook two phases of 4-week supplementation with native banana starch (NBS) or soy milk. Were analyzed: glucose, cholesterol, LDL, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, Insulin, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Insulin Resistance.	GBF Reduction of body weight and increase insulin sensitivity in obese type 2 diabetics.	30 patients with type 2 diabetes, obese, aged between 40 and 60 years	Yes
Menezes et al. (2010) [50]	Brazil	To study the in vitro colonic fermentation profile of unavailable carbohydrates of two different kinds of GBF and to evaluate their postprandial glycemic responses.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vitro and in vivo The fermentability of the flours was evaluated by different parameters, using rat inoculum, as well as the glycemic response produced after the ingestion by healthy volunteers.	GBF, GBB, and GB starch To present high in vitro fermentability without increasing postprandial glycemic response in healthy subjects	18 healthy adults aged 22–40 years	Yes
Silva et al. (2014) [51]	Brazil	To evaluate the effects of GBF consumption on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in overweight women.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo The GI of GBF in the study was determined. The effects of consumption of 20 g of GBF/day on weight, body mass index, blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, body composition, hemoglobin, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, liver function, and energy intake were evaluated in overweight women for 45 days.	GBF Improve anthropometric and biochemical parameters with GBF consumption	25 women adults overweight	Yes
Silva et al. (2015) [52]	Brazil	To analyze the effects of consumption of GBF in body weight, lipid profile, inflammatory parameters and food consumption in overweight adult women.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo 25 adult overweight women consumed daily 20g of GBF for 45 days. The study protocol included anthropometric measurements, body composition, food intake, lipid profile, and determination of serum inflammatory parameters.	GBF The consumption of GBF alters weight, body composition, lipid profile, and inflammatory parameters.	25 women adults overweight	No
Eleazu and Okafor (2015) [55]	Nigeria	To investigate the effect of GB on markers of hepatic dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Blood glucose; relative liver weight; relative kidney weight; relative heart weight; relative pancreatic weight; AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase; serum amylase, lipase, total, and conjugated bilirubin; and chemical analysis of the test feed were determined using standard techniques.	GBF Amelioration of renal and liver complications arising from diabetes mellitus	42 diabetic and 6 non-diabetic rats	Yes
Dan et al. (2015) [53]	Brazil	To evaluate the effect of the colonic fermentation of unavailable carbohydrates from unripe banana (mass - UBM - and starch - UBS) over parameters related to glucose and insulin response in rats.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo and in vitro Wistar male rats were fed either a control diet, a UBM diet (5 % resistant starch - RS) or a UBS diet (10 % RS) for 28 days. In vivo (oral glucose tolerance test) and in vitro (cecum fecal fermentation, pancreatic islet insulin secretion) analyses were performed.	GBF, and GB starch Promote colonic fermentation and influence glycemic control, improving insulin sensitivity in rats.	48 healthy male rats	Yes
Sardá et al. (2016) [60]	Brazil	To evaluate the impact of regular, but non-daily, intake of RS from GBF on parameters related to hunger/satiety and glucose homeostasis in healthy volunteers.	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Healthy volunteers consumed GBF, rich in resistant starch (5 g/8 g GBF), nondaily (3 times a week) for six weeks. The parameters hunger and satiety were evaluated by the visual analog scale and area under the curve of ghrelin and peptide YY hormones.	GBF Decrease hunger, increase satiety, and glucose homeostasis	22 healthy adults (27.6 ± 5.1 years)	Yes
Silva et al. (2016) [59]	Brazil	To investigate the effects of a GBP diet on the oxidative damage from type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)	Experimental study, randomized clinical trial	In vivo Formulations containing 25, 50, and 75% of GBP were included in a 12-week diet of Wistar rats with type 1 DM. They evaluated preventing oxidative damage in kidneys and liver homogenates of rats were evaluated using the TBARS and DNPH assay fasting glycemia, fructosamine levels, renal function, liver function, and lipid profile in the serum of rats.	GBP To prevent oxidative damage in liver and kidney and improves biochemical parameters in type 1 diabetic rats	60 rats with and without diabetes	Yes
Arun et al. (2017) [56]	India	To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Musa paradisiaca (plantain)	Experimental cross-sectional study	In vitro Were analyzed soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, glucose and cholesterol adsorption capacity and the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were analyzed for phenolics content, antioxidant activities, antidiabetic, and cardiovascular protection efficacy.	GBF Ameliorates type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular risks	-	Yes
Cassettari et al. (2019) [54]	Brazil	To evaluate the effect of combinations of GBB and laxatives in children and adolescents with chronic constipation	Prospective, interventional, randomized clinical study	In vivo It was a randomized study of 80 children and adolescents with functional constipation divided into 5 groups: (1) GBB alone; (2) GBB plus PEG 3350 with electrolytes; (3) GBB plus sodium pyrosulfate; (4) PEG 3350 with electrolytes alone; and (5) sodium picosulfate alone.	GBP To ameliorate the symptoms of chronic intestinal constipation and decrease the use of laxatives.	80 children and adolescents (5-15 years) with functional constipation	Yes

* GB: Green banana product; ** GBF: Green banana flour; *** GBP: Green banana pulp; **** GBB: Green banana Biomass; ***** RS: Resistant starch