Table 1.
Status of fat soluble micronutrients of institutionalized elderly at study entry compared to reference values [38,39,40].
| Parameter | Plasma Status at Study Entry | Reference Plasma Value | % of Deficient Participants |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects [number] | 96 | ||
| Age [years] | 83.1 (65–98) | ||
| Retinol [µmol/L] | 2.20 (1.05–4.16) | >1.05 | 0% |
| Lutein [µmol/L] | 0.25 (0.04–2.03) | ||
| Zeaxanthin [µmol/L] | 0.040 (n.d.–0.19) | ||
| Lycopene [µmol/L] | 0.009 (n.d.–0.37) | ||
| β-Cryptoxanthin [µmol/L] | 0.18 (n.d.–0.80) | ||
| α-Carotene [µmol/L] | 0.05 (n.d.–0.46) | ||
| β-Carotene [µmol/L] | 0.42 (n.d.–2.4) | >0.75 | 73% |
| α-Tocopherol [µmol/L] | 16.51 (n.d.–26.8) | >11.6 | 33% |
| γ-Tocopherol [µmol/L] | 2.63 (1.80–9.14) | ||
| Vitamin D [nmol/L] | 44.0 (9.0–162) | >50/75 | 61%/81% |
| Data are median (Min–Max), n.d. not detectable | |||