Table 1.
Prophylaxis strategies for oral and gastrointestinal mucositis.
| Intervention | Aim | Treatment Setting | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention of OM | |||
| Basic oral care protocol | Prevention of OM | All cancer treatments | [50,51] |
| Oral cryotherapy | Prevention of OM | Bolus 5-FU chemotherapy HD melphalan ± TB-RT for HSCT | [50,51] [50,51] |
| Benzydamine mouthwash | Prevention of OM | RT for HN cancer patients | [50,51] |
| Photobiomodulation (PBM) | Prevention of OM | HDCT ± TB-RT for HSCT RT for HN cancer patients | [50,51] [50,51] |
| Palifermin | Prevention of OM | HDCT and TB-RT for HSCT | [50,51] |
| Zinc supplements | Prevention of OM | RT or CT | [50,51] |
| Prevention of mIAS | |||
| Dexamethasone-containing mouthwashes | Prevention of mIAS | BC patients treated with everolimus | [52] |
| Prevention of GIM | |||
| Amifostine | Prevention of xerostomia | Post-operative RT for HN cancer patients | [53] |
| Prevention of proctitis | RT for pelvic malignancy | [50,51] | |
| Prevention of esophagitis | Concomitant CT-RT in NSCLC | [50,51] | |
| Sulfasalazine | Prevention of enteropathy | Pelvis RT | [50,51] |
| Probiotics | Prevention of diarrhea | CT and/or RT for pelvic malignancy | [50,51] |
Legend: OM—oral mucositis; mIAS—mTOR inhibitor-associated stomatitis; GIM—gastrointestinal mucositis; FU—florouracil; HD—high-dose; TB—total body; RT—radio therapy; HSCT—hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; HN—head and neck; BC—breast cancer; HDCT—high-dose chemotherapy; NSCLC—non-small cell lung cancer; CT—chemotherapy.