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. 2019 May 11;8(2):30. doi: 10.3390/biology8020030

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Environmental, microbial, biological and chemical interactions that modify the DNA and mitochondrial functions and epigenetics, which modifies the aging process. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the factors that enhances this oxidative-stress cycle and accelerating premature cell death [abbreviations used: DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; iNOS = inducible nitric oxide enzyme].