2B2MP	2-bromo-2-methylpropane
4-ABT	4-aminobenzenethiol
4-MBA	4-mercaptobenzoic acid
4-MBT	4-methylbenzenethiol
AFM	Atomic force microscopy
AFP	α-fetoprotein
Ag-FON	Silver film over nanospheres
AIDS	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
APTMS	(3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxy silane
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
AuNPs@SiNWAr	Silicon nanowire arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles
AZO	Aluminum-doped ZnO
BiASERS	Bi-analyte SERS
BPA	Bisphenol A
BPE	Trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethylene
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
BTA	Benzotriazole
BTZ	3-methoxy-4-(5′-azobenzo-triazolyl) phenylamine
CARS	Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
CCD	Charged coupled device
cDNA	Complementary DNA
CEA	Carcino-embryonic antigen
CFU	Colony forming unit
Chit	Chitosan
CT	Charge transfer
CV	Cyclic voltammetry
CV+	Crystal Violet cation
DFT	Density functional theory
DMAB	4,4-dimercaptoazobenzene
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DOX	Doxorubicin
DPSD	Double step potential deposition
ds-DNA	Double stranded DNA
DTNB	5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
EBL	Electron beam lithography
ED	Electrochemical deposition
EDTA	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EGFR	Epithelial growth factor receptor
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ER	Electrochemical roughening
FON	Film over nanosphere
GC	Gas chromatography
GERS	Graphene enhanced Raman scattering
GZO	Gallium-doped ZnO
hCG	Human chorionic gonadotropin
HIV	Human immunodeficiency viruses
HOMO	Highest occupied molecular orbital
HPLC	High pressure liquid chromatography
HRS	Hyper Raman scattering
IFI27	Interferon alpha-inducible protein 27
IFI44L	Interferon-induced protein 44-like
IgG	Immunoglobulin G
IL	Ionic liquid
InGaAs	Indium gallium arsenide
IR	Infrared
IRTP	Immortalized rat renal proximal tubule
IT	Indium tin oxide
LOD	Limit of detection
LSPR	Localized surface plasmon resonance
LSV	Linear sweep voltammetry
LUMO	Lowest occupied molecular orbital
MBA	Mercaptobenzoic acid
MDCKII	Madin–Darby canine kidney
MDR	Morphology dependent resonance
MIP	Molecularly imprinted polymer
miRNA	MicroRNA
MS	Molecular sentinel
MS-on-Chip	Molecular sentinel-on-chip
MWCNT	Multiwalled carbon nanotube
NIL	Nanoimprint lithography
NIR	Near infrared
NP	Nanoparticle
NR	Nanorod
PAMAM	Poly(amidoamine)
PAN	Polyacrylonitrile
PATP	p-aminothiophenol
PCB	Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PMMA	Poly(methyl methacrylate)
PSA	Prostate specific antigen
PVA	Poly(vinyl alcohol)
PVP	Polyvinylpyrrolidone
RDI	Relative diagnostic index
RIE	Reactive ion etching
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SAM	Self-assembled monolayer
SCE	Saturated calomel electrode
SEM	Scanning electron microscopy
SERDS	Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy
SERS	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
SNR	Signal to noise ratio
SPR	Surface plasmon resonance
SRS	Stimulated Raman scattering
ssDNA	Single stranded DNA
SSE	Sequentially shifted excitation
SSRS	Subtracted shifted Raman spectroscopy
TAED	Template assisted electrochemical deposition
TCO	Transparent conductive oxide
TDVP	Temperature dependent vibrational pumping
TE	Transverse electric
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
TERS	Tip enhanced Raman scattering
TLC	Thin layer chromatography
TM	Transverse magnetic
TNT	2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
UPD	Underpotential deposition
UV	Ultraviolet
UV-Vis	UV Visible
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
WGM	Whispering gallery mode