Table 1.
Summary of human studies [references] assessing the association between sleep and FV consumption in adults.
| Study Type | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational | Experimental (Intervention) | ||||
| Cross-Sectional | Prospective | Sleep Restriction | Sleep Extension | Fruit Intervention | |
| Exposure/outcome not clearly stated | [89,97,98,99,100] | ||||
| Exposure | |||||
| Sleep | [82,84,90,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121] | [78,79,82] | [67,68,69] | [67,70] | |
| Diet including FV | [80,81,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129] | [83] | [71,72,73,74,75,76] | ||
| Outcome | |||||
| Sleep | [80,81,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129] | [83] | [71,72,73,74,75,76] | ||
| Diet including FV | [82,84,90,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121] | [78,79,82] | [67,68,69] | [67,70] | |
| Populations | |||||
| UK population | [82,84,90,109,117] | [82,83] | [75] | ||
| US population | [80,97,99,101,102,103,104,105,107,108,111,114,123,125,127] | [67,69] | [67,70] | [73] | |
| Other populations | [81,89,98,100,106,110,112,113,115,116,118,119,120,121,122,124,126,128,129] | [78,79] | [68] | [71,72,74,76] | |
| Sleep assessment | |||||
| Subjective | [80,81,82,84,89,90,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,105,106,107,108,109,111,112,113,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129] | [78,79,82,83] | [73] | ||
| Objective | [104,114] | [67,68,69] | [67,70] | [71,72,74,75,76] | |
| Sleep measurements | |||||
| Sleep duration | [80,81,82,84,89,90,97,99,100,101,102,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,120,121,123,125,126,127,128,129] | [78,82,83] | [67,68,69] | [67,70] | [71,72,73,74,75,76] |
| Sleep quality | [81,98,100,103,108,113,114,119,120,121,122,123,124,126] | [79] | [71,72,73,75,76] | ||
| Sleep timing | [104] | ||||
| Associations between sleep and FV | |||||
| Significant association | [80,81,82,84,89,97,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,109,111,114,115,116,117,118,120,122,123,124,126,128,129] | [78,79,82,83] | [67] | [71,72,73,74,75,76] | |
| No association | [90,98,107,108,110,112,113,119,121,125,127] | [68,69] | [67,70] | ||
| No control group | [70] | [71,72,74] | |||
| Primary objective of study was to assess associations between sleep and FV | [80,81,82,84] | [82,83] | [71,72,73,74,75,76] | ||
| Assessed non-linear associations between sleep and FV | [82,84] | [82] | |||
Legend: FV (fruits and vegetables), UK (United Kingdom), US (United States).