| CI | confidence intervals |
| CRC | colorectal cancer |
| DCH | “Diet, Cancer and Health” |
| EPIC | European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| IRR | incidence rate ratios |
| Nf-kB | nuclear factor kappa-B |
| Nrf-2 | nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 |
| NSAID | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| OR | odds ratio |
| RE | retinol equivalents |