Table 3.

Health-Related Quality of Life of systemic treatments.

Agent	Study Type	No. of Patients	HRQoL Assessment Tool	Scale(s)/Domain(s)	Outcome
Sorafenib	Prospective	36	FACT-Hep	Physical well-being	Score decrease was detected from baseline to week 1, with a median reduction of −8.3 (range: −60.1 to −17.9; p = 0.0003)
Sorafenib	Prospective	54	SF-36 (Japanese Version)	All domains	Scores >40 maintained over a 1-year period (n = 13)
				Physical functioning	Baseline scores ≥40 significantly associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.053)
				Social functioning	Baseline scores ≥40 associated with longer treatment duration (p = 0.016)
Lenvatinib	Phase III Trial	954	EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-HCC18	EORTC QLQ-C30: role functioning, pain, and diarrhea EORTC QLQ-HCC18: nutrition and body image	Clinically meaningful deterioration observed later in lenvatinib compared to sorafenib
				EORTC QLQ-C30 summary score	No significant difference between lenvatinib and sorafenib (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.75–1.01)
Regorafenib	Phase III Trial	573	FACT-G, HACT-Hep, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS	All scales and domains	No clinically meaningful differences between regorafenib and placebo
Ramucirumab	Subanalysis	565	FACT Hepatobiliary Symptom Index (FHSI)-8, EuroQoL (EQ-5D)	All scales and domains	No significant treatment differences
				FHSI-8	Subpopulation of patients with baseline AFP ≥400ng/mL had significantly reduced deterioration at the end of treatment compared with placebo (p = 0.038)
Cabozantinib	Subanalysis	707	EQ-5D-5L	Quality-adjusted life years (QALY)	Mean accrued QALYs with cabozantinib was +0.115 vs. placebo (95% CI: 0.032 to 0.198; p = 0.007)
Nivolumab	Phase I/II Trial	262	EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-VAS	All scales and domains	Stable patient-reported outcomes despite previous treatment with sorafenib