Table 1.
Details of papers on EEN referenced in the manuscript.
| Reference | Population | Intervention | Control | Duration | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Induction of remission | |||||
| Narula [16] | Meta-analysis of six studies, 352 adults | Enteral nutrition (EN) | Corticosteroids (CS) | Clinical remission EN: 45% vs. CS: 73%, p < 0.05 | |
| Grover [17] | 34 children | Nutrison | No control | 8 weeks | Clinical remission 84%; mucosal healing 42% |
| Borrelli [18] | 37 children | Polymeric diet (PD) | Corticosteroids (CS) | 10 weeks | Clinical remission PD: 79% vs. CS: 67%, p = ns. Mucosal healing PD: 74% vs. CS: 33%, p < 0.05 |
| Terrin [19] | 20 children | Semi-elemental diet (SED) | Corticosteroids (CS) | 8 weeks | Clinical remission SED: 90% vs. CS: 50%, p < 0.01 |
| Maintenance of remission | |||||
| Takagi [26] | 51 adults | Half-elemental diet (HED) | Regular Diet (RD) | 1 year | Relapse rate 1 year 35% in HED vs. 64% in RD |
| Hanai [27] | 95 adults | Elemental diet (ED) | 6-Mercaptopurin (6-MP), no intervention | 2 years | Relapse rate: ED 53%, 6-MP 40%, control 73% (p < 0.05 ED vs. control; 6-MP vs. control) |
| EEN as co-medication | |||||
| Nguyen [28] | Meta-analysis of four studies, 342 adults | Specialized enteral nutrition combined with infliximab (combo) | Infliximab monotherapy | 1 year | Induction: 69.4 in combo vs. 45.4 in mono (p < 0.01); Maintenance: Combo 74.5%, mono 49.4% (p <0.01) |
CD: Crohn’s disease; EEN: exclusive enteral nutrition. For a full review of the efficacy of EEN in inducing remission in active Crohn’s disease, please see Narula et al. [16].