| PDE | phosphodiesterase |
| NASH | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| NAFLD | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
| eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| cGMP | Guanosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate |
| cAMP | adenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate |
| EPAC | cAMP activated guanine-nucleotide exchange protein |
| CamKKβ | calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β |