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. 2019 Jun 5;9(6):219. doi: 10.3390/biom9060219

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Investigation of a potential bio-activation of polyphenols by intestinal bacteria. (A) (+)-Catechin was compared with its microbiota-generated metabolites M1 and M2. (+)-Catechin and M2 caused non-significant (N.S.) slight increase in Akt-phosphorylation, M1 showed no activity. (B) Ellagic acid did not significantly influence the phosphorylation of Akt. In contrast, its microbial metabolite urolithin A induced a pronounced and statistically significant inhibition of Akt-phosphorylation compared to control (** p = 0.001, mean ± standard deviation) and compared to ellagic acid (** p = 0.005, one-way ANOVA/Tukey post-hoc test). Other urolithins showed only minor inhibitory effects (n = 3–6 for (+)-catechin, M2, ellagic acid, and urolithin A, n = 1–2 for other compounds).