Figure 4.

A proposed schematic diagram illustrating the protective effect of EEIH on LPS-induced acute kidney injury. EEIH, ethanol extract of Illicium henryi; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; DPPH, (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil); FRAP, ferric-reducing antioxidant power; ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) disodium salt; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde; GSH, glutathione; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthetase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; ARE, antioxidant response element.