Table 1.

Associations between vitamin and/or mineral supplement use among adolescents (12–17 years) and determinants (sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, and physical exercise) in EsKiMo II (2015–2017), n = 1356.

Vitamin and/or Mineral Supplement Use	Prevalence 1	Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis 1
	n = 1356	n = 1223
	% (95% CI)	adjusted OR (95% CI) 2
Total	16.4 (13.0–19.7)	-
Sex
Girls	18.8 (14.5–23.2)	Ref.
Boys	14.0 (9.9–18.1)	0.60 (0.38–0.94) *
Age group
12–13 years	14.4 (10.3–18.4)	0.76 (0.46–1.26)
14–15 years	19.4 (13.2–25.5)	1.30 (0.77–2.20)
16–17 years	15.2 (10.4–20.0)	Ref.
Socio-economic status (SES) 3
Low	12.3 (5.4–19.2)	0.63 (0.26–1.53
Medium	15.3 (11.7–19.0)	0.66 (0.42–1.05)
High	22.3 (16.2–28.3)	Ref
Type of school 4
Lower secondary school	14.5 (10.9–18.1)	0.84 (0.53–1.32)
Upper secondary school	19.2 (14.4–24.0)	Ref.
Other school types	13.4 (4.8–22.0)	1.02 (0.40–2.59)
Migration background 5
Yes	15.4 (6.9–23.9)	0.89 (0.48–1.67)
No	16.5 (13.2–19.9)	Ref.
Region of residence
North	13.8 (8.5–19.0)	0.74 (0.40–1.39)
Middle	16.7 (11.7–21.6)	1.11 (0.62–1.96)
South	17.7 (11.2–24.3)	Ref.
Community size
<5000 inhabitants	15.0 (8.5–21.5)	Ref.
5000–<20,000 inhabitants	19.9 (11.6–28.2)	1.04 (0.52–2.09)
20000–<100,000 inhabitants	16.9 (10.9–22.9)	0.83 (0.39–1.74)
≥100,000 inhabitants	13.4 (8.2–18.6)	0.76 (0.36–1.63)
Weight status
Underweight	20.7 (11.2–30.1)	1.33 (0.73–2.41)
Normal weight	17.0 (13.1–21.0)	Ref
Overweight	9.3 (3.9–14.7)	0.41 (0.21–0.79) *
Physical Exercise
<1 h/week	11.5 (7.2–15.9)	0.56 (0.33–0.95) *
1–3 h/week	14.8 (10.9–18.8)	0.73 (0.47–1.12)
>3 h/week	19.9 (15.0–24.9)	Ref.

¹ weighted for the German population of 2015; ² adjusted for all other variables; ³ Socio-economic status: n (missing) = 19; ⁴ Type of school n (missing) = 62, including participants who already finished school; ⁵ migration background n (missing) = 9; n = number of subjects; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; * OR is statistical significantly different from the reference with p-value < 0.05.