Table 3.
Summary of mean (min-max) concentrations of OPFRs in water and sediment measured in previous studies (ng/L).
| Country | Sample Year | TBP | TCEP | TCPP | TDCPP | TBEP | TPhP | TEHP | ΣOPFR | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great Lakes | 2011–2012 | 1.03 | 0.72 | 5.87 | 1.99 | 27.6 | 0.49 | [143] | ||
| Elbe River, Germany | 2013 | 41.0 (5.2–108) | 75.9(33.8–104) | 104(89.9–128) | 76.7(51.8–111) | [144] | ||||
| Nalón, Arga and Besòs River, Spain | 2012 | 92.1(<LOQc–370) | 85.3(<LOQ–330) | 571(<LOQ–1800) | 103(<LOQ–200) | 1445(<LOQ–4600) | 11.6(<LOQ–35.0) | 2.01(<LOQ–4.00) | 1072(<LOQ–7200) | [32] |
| German Bight (North Sea), Germany | 33.7(<LOQc–84) | 22.9(3.29–69.9) | 146(24.3–570) | 22.5(5.30–67.0) | 50.7(<LOQ–103) | 5.90(<LOQ–10.3) | 402(58.3–1092) | [27] | ||
| North China | 2013 | 13.4(<LOQc–218) | 80.2(1.30–268) | 186(4.60–921) | 4.30(<LOQ–44.0) | 4.20(<LOQ–47.0) | 1.00(<LOQ–15.7) | 0.39(<LOQ–3.30) | 398(9.55–1550) | [145] |
| Qingdao, Lianyungang and Xiamen, China | 134(21.0–618) | 84.1(15.8–170) | 109(24.0–378) | 425(91.9–1392) | [137] | |||||
| Lake Shihwa, Korea | 2015 | 24.8(<LOQc–72.9) | 255(3.26–5963) | 211(<LOQ–5100) | 15.6(<LOQ–325) | 164(2.88–838) | 8.29(<LOQ–96.2) | 3.27(<LOQ–59.4) | 877(28.3–16,000) | [52] |
| Sediment (ng/g dry weight) Great Lakes | 2010–2013 | 0.58(<LOQc–1.96) | 1.40(<LOQ–1.90) | 0.46(<LOQ–3.37) | 0.70(<LOQ–1.99) | 3.54(<LOQ–23.7) | 1.17(<LOQ–9.03) | 0.41(<LOQ–8.38) | 9.01(0.44–48.0) | [140] |
| Nalón, Arga and Besòs River, Spain | 2012 | 6.82(<LOQc–13) | 6.02(<LOQ–9.70) | 116(<LOQ–365) | 7.96(<LOQ–12.0) | 7.41(<LOQ–23.0) | 35.1(<LOQ–290) | 156(3.80–824) | [32] | |
| Evrotas River Basin, Greece | 2014–2015 | 2.39(<LOQc–5.54) | 1.76(<LOQ–2.27) | 4.59(<LOQ–7.62) | 1.63(<LOQ–2.96) | 1.47(<LOQ–3.35) | 0.36(<LOQ–0.67) | 1.84(<LOQ–4.73) | 10.4(0.31–31.0) | [136] |
| Adige River Basin, Italy | 2014–2015 | 5.52(<LOQc–42.6) | 2.52(0.33–19.0) | 14.9(0.53–53.7) | 2.31(<LOQ–6.86) | 2.36(<LOQ–9.98) | 1.49(<LOQ–9.69) | 8.97(<LOQ–35.1) | 82.6(11.5–549) | [136] |
| Sava River Basin, Serbia | 2014–2015 | 7.65(<LOQc–14.2) | 0.79(<LOQ–2.32) | 6.60(<LOQ–14.7) | 0.36(<LOQ–0.39) | 3.16(<LOQ–11.0) | <LOQ | 3.53(0.33–7.73) | 50.1(10.5–248) | [136] |
| Taihu Lake, China | 1.04(<LOQc–2.65) | 1.75(0.62–3.17) | 1.36(<LOQ–2.27) | 1.16(<LOQ–5.54) | 2.00(1.03–5.00) | 0.49(<LOQ–1.19) | 7.88(3.38–14.3) | [16] | ||
| Pearl River Delta, China | 2015 | 3.53(1.29–12.8) | 7.36(1.00–26.5) | 18.3(2.27–186) | 1.31(<LOQ–6.05) | 4.08(<LOQ–19.7) | 14.3(0.42–317) | 3.74(0.15–26.7) | [137] | |
| Pearl River Delta, China | 2010 | 7.11(<LOQc–37) | 13.1(<LOQ–58.0) | 15.7(0.91–185) | 1.59(<LOQ–10.0) | 10.4(<LOQ–46.0) | 26.9(<LOQ–253) | 13.1(0.86–56.0) | 78.3(8.31–470) | [146] |
| Lake Shihwa, Korea | 2015 | 2.14(<LOQc–33.3) | 18.4(<LOQ–290) | 194(<LOQ–2500) | 43.6(<LOQ–405) | 64.4(<LOQ–2755) | 18.7(<LOQ–257) | 3.49(<LOQ–99.7) | 381(3.00–3800) | [52] |